Shloka 60

सप्तद्वीप-समुद्र-प्रमाणम्: प्लक्षादि-द्वीपवर्णनं, लोकालोक-सीमा, चन्द्र-समुद्र-वृद्धिक्षयः

Devanagari script

जलदश् च कुमारश् च सुकुमारो मणीचकः कुसुमोदः सुमोदाकिः सप्तमश् च महाद्रुमः

Transliteration

jaladaś ca kumāraś ca sukumāro maṇīcakaḥ kusumodaḥ sumodākiḥ saptamaś ca mahādrumaḥ

Translation

Their names were Jalada and Kumāra; also Sukumāra and Maṇīcaka; Kusumoda and Sumodāki; and as the seventh, Mahādruma.

Word by Word

• जलदः: Jalada
• जलदः: Karta (Apposition/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: जलद (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन — Masculine, Nominative, Singular (नाम)

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (Conjunction/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय (समुच्चय) — conjunction ‘and’

• कुमारः: Kumāra
• कुमारः: Karta (Apposition/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: कुमार (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन — Masculine, Nominative, Singular (नाम)

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (Conjunction/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय (समुच्चय) — conjunction ‘and’

• सुकुमारः: Sukumāra
• सुकुमारः: Karta (Apposition/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सु + कुमार (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन — Masculine, Nominative, Singular; समासः—कर्मधारय (सु-कुमारः) (नाम)

• मणीचकः: Maṇīcaka
• मणीचकः: Karta (Apposition/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मणीचक (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन — Masculine, Nominative, Singular (नाम)

• कुसुमोदः: Kusumoda
• कुसुमोदः: Karta (Apposition/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: कुसुमोद (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन — Masculine, Nominative, Singular (नाम)

• सुमोदाकिः: Sumodāki
• सुमोदाकिः: Karta (Apposition/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सुमोदाकि (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन — Masculine, Nominative, Singular (नाम)

• सप्तमः: the seventh
• सप्तमः: Visheshana (Qualifier/विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सप्तम (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन — Masculine, Nominative, Singular; क्रमवाचक विशेषण — ordinal adjective

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (Conjunction/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय (समुच्चय) — conjunction ‘and’

• महाद्रुमः: Mahādruma
• महाद्रुमः: Karta (Apposition/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: महा + द्रुम (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन — Masculine, Nominative, Singular; समासः—कर्मधारय (महान् द्रुमः) (नाम)

Speaker

Sage Parāśara (narrating to Maitreya)

Parashara-Maitreya Dialogue

Speaker: Parasara

Topic: Naming of Bhavya’s seven sons (eponymous rulers of Śākadvīpa’s varṣas)

Teaching: Historical

Quality: authoritative

Cosmological Context

Cosmic Hierarchy: Varshas

Dynasty & Genealogy

Key Kings: Jalada, Kumāra, Sukumāra, Maṇīcaka, Kusumoda, Sumodāki, Mahādruma

Characters & Entities

• Jalada
• Kumāra
• Sukumāra
• Maṇīcaka
• Kusumoda
• Sumodāki
• Mahādruma

FAQs

What is the significance of listing names like Jalada and Mahādruma in the Vishnu Purana?

Such enumerations function as genealogical and cosmological records, showing that the Manvantara unfolds in an ordered succession of beings rather than as random history.

How does Sage Parāśara explain the Manvantara structure through these lists?

Parāśara teaches by systematic naming—placing individuals in sequence (e.g., “the seventh”) to emphasize continuity, hierarchy, and the regulated flow of time under cosmic law.

What is the theological importance of Lord Vishnu in this context?

Even when Vishnu is not named in the verse, the Manvantara’s stability and intelligible order are understood as grounded in Vishnu’s sovereignty as the sustaining Supreme Reality.