Shloka 38
Devanagari script
धृष्टद्युम्नं रणे दृष्टवा त्वदीया: प्रादवन् भयात् । धृष्टद्युम्नके रथके घोड़े कबूतरके समान रंगवाले थे, उनकी ध्वजापर कचनारके वृक्षका चिह्नन था। धृष्टद्युम्नको रणमें उपस्थित देख आपके योद्धा भयसे भाग खड़े हुए ।। गान्धारराजं शीघ्रास्त्रमनुसृत्य यशस्विनौ
Translation
Seeing Dhṛṣṭadyumna in the thick of battle, your men ran in fear. The horses of Dhṛṣṭadyumna’s chariot were the color of a dove, and upon his banner was the emblem of the kacanāra tree. At the sight of him on the field, your warriors fled, seized by terror.
Word by Word
धृष्टद्युम्नम्Dhrishtadyumna
धृष्टद्युम्नम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootधृष्टद्युम्न
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
रणेin battle
रणे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootरण
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
दृष्ट्वाhaving seen
दृष्ट्वा:
TypeVerb
Rootदृश्
Formक्त्वा (absolutive/gerund), Parasmaipada (usage-neutral for gerund)
त्वदीयाःyour (men/warriors)
त्वदीयाः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootत्वदीय
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
प्राद्रवन्ran away / fled
प्राद्रवन्:
TypeVerb
Rootद्रु
FormImperfect (लङ्), Third, Plural, Parasmaipada
भयात्from fear
भयात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootभय
FormNeuter, Ablative, Singular
गान्धारराजम्the king of Gandhāra
गान्धारराजम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootगान्धारराज
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
शीघ्रास्त्रम्a swift weapon/missile
शीघ्रास्त्रम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootशीघ्रास्त्र
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
अनुसृत्यhaving followed / pursuing
अनुसृत्य:
TypeVerb
Rootअनु-√सृ
Formल्यप् (absolutive/gerund), Parasmaipada (usage-neutral for gerund)
यशस्विनौthe two glorious (heroes)
यशस्विनौ:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootयशस्विन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Dual
Speaker
संजय उवाच
Character Dynamics
Dharma Sankata (Moral Dilemma)
War Context
Verse Rasa (Emotional Essence)
Philosophical Teaching
Political Layer
Geographic Context
Cross References
Meter (Chandas)
Sandhi Notes