Shloka 20

Karṇa’s Camp-Council Discourse: Dhṛtarāṣṭra’s Lament, Sañjaya’s Counsel, and Karṇa’s Request for Śalya

Book 8, Chapter 22

Devanagari script

मूढं चैनं समालोक्य सारथिस्त्वरितो रथम्‌ | अपोवाह भृशं त्रस्तो वध्यमान: शितै: शरै:,उसे मूर्च्छित देख उसका सारथि तीखे बाणोंकी मार खाकर अत्यन्त भयभीत हो तुरंत ही रथको रणभूमिसे दूर हटा ले गया

Transliteration

mūḍhaṃ cainaṃ samālokya sārathis tvarito ratham | apovāha bhṛśaṃ trasto vadhyamānaḥ śitaiḥ śaraiḥ ||

Translation

Sañjaya said: Seeing him lying senseless, the charioteer—struck by sharp arrows and seized by intense fear—swiftly drove the chariot away from the battlefield.

Word by Word

• मूढम्: fainted/insensible
• मूढम्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: मूढ (मुह्-धातोः क्त)
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• एनम्: him
• एनम्: Karma
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: एतद् (एनद्-प्रयोगः)
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• समालोक्य: having seen/observed
• Type: Verb
• Root: सम्-आ-लोक्
• Form: ल्यप् (absolutive/gerund), Parasmaipada (usage-neutral for gerund)

• सारथिः: the charioteer
• सारथिः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: सारथि
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• त्वरितः: hastened/quick
• Type: Adjective
• Root: त्वरित (त्वर्-धातोः क्त)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• रथम्: the chariot
• रथम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: रथ
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• अपोवाह: drove away/removed
• Type: Verb
• Root: अप-ऊह् (वह्/ऊह्-धातु; here: अप-ऊह्)
• Form: Perfect (लिट्), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada

• भृशम्: exceedingly
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: भृशम्

• त्रस्तः: terrified
• Type: Adjective
• Root: त्रस्त (त्रस्-धातोः क्त)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• वध्यमानः: being struck/being attacked
• Type: Adjective
• Root: वध्यमान (वध्-धातोः शानच्; passive sense)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular, शानच् (present participle)

• शितैः: with sharp
• शितैः: Karana
• Type: Adjective
• Root: शित
• Form: Masculine/Neuter, Instrumental, Plural

• शरैः: arrows
• शरैः: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: शर
• Form: Masculine, Instrumental, Plural

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Sañjaya
• sārathi (charioteer)
• ratha (chariot)
• śara (arrows)
• raṇabhūmi (battlefield, implied by context)