Mantra 10

Sukta 19

Sanskrit (Devanagari)

विषमेतद् देवकृतं राजा वरुणोऽब्रवीत्। न ब्राह्मणस्य गां जग्ध्वा राष्ट्रे जागार कश्चन

IAST Transliteration

viṣamám etád devákṛtaṃ rājā́ váruṇo ’bravīt | ná brāhmaṇásya gā́ṃ jágdhvā rāṣṭré jāgā́ra káścana ||

English Translation (Griffith/Whitney)

‘A perilous thing is this, ordained of gods,’ King Varuṇa hath proclaimed: ‘No man, having eaten the Brahman’s cow, within the realm keepeth watch in safety.’

Word by Word

• विषमे: in/at a difficult (uneven) situation
• विषमे: Adhikaraṇa
• Type: Adjective
• Root: विषम (प्रातिपदिक)

• एतत्: this
• एतत्: Kartā
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: एतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• देवकृतम्: done by the gods; divinely wrought
• देवकृतम्: Kartā
• Type: Adjective
• Root: देव + कृत (कृ-धातोः क्त-प्रत्ययान्त कृदन्त; प्रातिपदिक)

• राजा: the king
• राजा: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: राजन् (प्रातिपदिक)

• वरुणः: Varuṇa
• वरुणः: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: वरुण (प्रातिपदिक)

• अब्रवीत्: said; spoke
• अब्रवीत्: —
• Type: Verb
• Root: ब्रू (धातु)

• न: not
• न: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न (निपात)

• ब्राह्मणस्य: of a brāhmaṇa
• ब्राह्मणस्य: सम्बन्धः (षष्ठी)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ब्राह्मण (प्रातिपदिक)

• गाम्: a cow
• गाम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: गो (प्रातिपदिक)

• जग्ध्वा: having eaten
• जग्ध्वा: —
• Type: Verb
• Root: ग्रह्/ग्रस्? → जघ् (धातु ‘जघ्/जक्ष्’ = to eat) + त्वा (क्त्वा)

• राष्ट्रे: in the realm/kingdom
• राष्ट्रे: Adhikaraṇa
• Type: Noun
• Root: राष्ट्र (प्रातिपदिक)

• जागार: stayed awake; kept watch
• जागार: —
• Type: Verb
• Root: जागृ (धातु)

• कश्चन: anyone; someone (at all)
• कश्चन: Kartā
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: क (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक) + चन (निपात)

Attribution

Rishi: Atharvanic tradition; Varuṇa-centered exemplum (verify Anukramaṇī)

Devata: Varuṇa (as king and moral governor); brahman-property taboo

Chandas: Anuṣṭubh (to be confirmed)

Mantra Rasa

{"primary_rasa":"bhayankara","secondary_rasa":"shanta","emotional_arc":"Warning → moral awe → pacification through restraint","listener_experience":"Feels like hearing a royal-divine decree; induces caution and ethical sobriety.","intensity":7}