Mantra 1

Sukta 47

Sanskrit (Devanagari)

रात्रिः। आ रात्रि पार्थिवं रजः पितुरप्रायि धामभिः । दिवः सदांसि बृहती वि तिष्ठस आ त्वेषं वर्तते तमः

IAST Transliteration

rā́triḥ | ā́ rā́tri pārthívaṃ rájaḥ pitúr aprāyi dhā́mabhiḥ | diváḥ sadā́ṃsi bṛhatī́ ví tiṣṭhase ā́ tvéṣaṃ vártate támaḥ ||

English Translation (Griffith/Whitney)

Night—come hither, O Night: over the earthly region thou hast advanced with thy stations. Great one, thou standest wide over the seats of heaven; unto thee the darkness turns on with impetuous speed.

Word by Word

• रात्रिः: Night (as a goddess)
• रात्रिः: कर्तृ
• Type: Noun
• Root: रात्रि- (प्रातिपदिक) / रात्रि-देवी

• आ: towards; hither
• आ: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: आ (उपसर्ग/निपात)

• रात्रि: O Night
• रात्रि: सम्बोधन
• Type: Noun
• Root: रात्रि- (प्रातिपदिक)

• पार्थिवम्: earthly
• पार्थिवम्: कर्म
• Type: Adjective
• Root: पार्थिव- (पृथिवी-सम्बन्धी)

• रजः: mist; dust; haze
• रजः: कर्म
• Type: Noun
• Root: रजस्- (प्रातिपदिक)

• पितुः: of the father
• पितुः: सम्बन्ध (षष्ठी)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पितृ- (प्रातिपदिक)

• अप्रायि: has spread forth; has gone out
• अप्रायि: क्रिया
• Type: Verb
• Root: √प्रा/प्रै (प्रा- + √इ/ए ‘to go forth, to spread’)

• धामभिः: with (her) abodes/lights
• धामभिः: करण
• Type: Noun
• Root: धामन्- (प्रातिपदिक)

• दिवः: of heaven; of the sky
• दिवः: सम्बन्ध (षष्ठी)
• Type: Noun
• Root: दिव्/द्यौ- (प्रातिपदिक)

• सदांसि: seats; dwellings; halls
• सदांसि: कर्म
• Type: Noun
• Root: सदस्- (प्रातिपदिक)

• बृहती: great; lofty
• बृहती: कर्तृ
• Type: Adjective
• Root: बृहती- (प्रातिपदिक; बृहत्-स्त्री)

• वि: apart; widely
• वि: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: वि (उपसर्ग/निपात)

• तिष्ठसे: you stand; you take your place
• तिष्ठसे: क्रिया
• Type: Verb
• Root: √स्था (वि- + √स्था)

• आ: towards; upon
• आ: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: आ (उपसर्ग/निपात)

• त्वेषम्: fierce; sharp
• त्वेषम्: कर्म
• Type: Adjective
• Root: त्वेष- (प्रातिपदिक)

• वर्तते: turns; comes to be; sets in
• वर्तते: क्रिया
• Type: Verb
• Root: √वृत् (आ- + √वृत् ‘to turn, to occur’)

• तमः: darkness
• तमः: कर्तृ
• Type: Noun
• Root: तमस्- (प्रातिपदिक)

Attribution

Rishi: Atharvanic tradition (Night-hymn complex)

Devata: Rātri (Night personified)

Chandas: Mixed; bṛhatī-epithet present though meter may not strictly be Bṛhatī

Mantra Rasa

{"primary_rasa":"adbhuta","secondary_rasa":"shanta","emotional_arc":"Awe at Night’s cosmic vastness, settling into quiet acceptance and protection.","listener_experience":"Vast canopy feeling; less fear of darkness; readiness for sleep.","intensity":5}