Shloka 5

Adhyaya 18 — Arjuna Declines the Throne; Garga Directs Him to Dattatreya; The Gods Defeat the Daityas through Dattatreya’s Vision and the Movement of Lakshmi

Sanskrit

दत्त्वान्यद्भूबुजे दद्युर्यदि भागं ततोऽधिकम् ।

पण्यादीनामशेषाणां वणिजो गृह्णतस्ततः ॥

Transliteration

dattvānyad bhūbhuje dadyur yadi bhāgaṃ tato 'dhikam /

paṇyādīnām aśeṣāṇāṃ vaṇijo gṛhṇatas tataḥ

Translation

إذا أُكره الناس بعد الدفع على أن يعطوا مُنتفعَ الأرض (الملك) نصيبًا أكبر مما يجب، فعندئذٍ يسحب التجار (أو يكفون عن جلب) جميع السلع وما شابهها.

Word by Word

• दत्त्वा: having given
• दत्त्वा: Purvakala-kriya (पूर्वकालक्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: दा (धातु)
• Form: Absolutive/Gerund (क्त्वा-प्रत्ययान्त अव्ययकृदन्त)

• अन्यत्: something else/another (amount)
• अन्यत्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अन्य (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter, Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular

• भू-भुजे: to the king (earth-enjoyer)
• भू-भुजे: Sampradana (सम्प्रदान)
• Type: Noun
• Root: भूभुज् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Dative (4th/चतुर्थी), Singular

• दद्युः: they should give
• दद्युः: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: दा (धातु)
• Form: Optative (विधिलिङ्), Parasmaipada, 3rd person (प्रथमपुरुष), Plural (बहुवचन)

• यदि: if
• यदि: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/शर्त)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: यदि (अव्यय)
• Form: Indeclinable conditional particle (निपात)

• भागम्: share/portion
• भागम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: भाग (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular

• ततः: than that/from that
• ततः: Kriya-visheshaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ततः (अव्यय)
• Form: Indeclinable adverb (क्रियाविशेषण)

• अधिकम्: more/excess
• अधिकम्: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अधिक (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter, Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular; comparative sense with ततः

• पण्य-आदीनाम्: of goods and the like
• पण्य-आदीनाम्: Shashthi-sambandha (षष्ठी-सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पण्य (प्रातिपदिक) + आदि (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter, Genitive (6th/षष्ठी), Plural; पण्यादि-समूह (goods etc.)

• अशेषाणाम्: of all/entire
• अशेषाणाम्: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अशेष (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter, Genitive (6th/षष्ठी), Plural; qualifying पण्यादीनाम्

• वणिजः: of the merchant
• वणिजः: Shashthi-sambandha (षष्ठी-सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वणिज् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Genitive (6th/षष्ठी), Singular

• गृह्णतः: who takes/collects
• गृह्णतः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Verb
• Root: ग्रह् (धातु)
• Form: Present active participle (वर्तमान-कृदन्त/शतृ), Masculine, Genitive (6th/षष्ठी), Singular; agreeing with वणिजः

• ततः: thereupon/thereafter
• ततः: Kriya-visheshaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ततः (अव्यय)
• Form: Indeclinable adverb (क्रियाविशेषण)

Speakers

• Arjuna’s policy argument (reported)

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "raudra", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Over-taxation
• Economic collapse
• Justice in revenue
• Rājadharma

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

Excess extraction destroys prosperity: when rulers demand beyond fairness, trade and production contract—an early articulation of economic feedback and the ethics of moderation.

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

Dharma/nīti material within a kingly narrative (vaṃśānucarita).

What is the esoteric significance?

‘Merchants withdrawing goods’ symbolizes Lakṣmī (prosperity) departing from an unjust realm—prosperity is portrayed as responsive to dharma.