Rig Veda 3.39.5: Mandala 3, Sukta 39, Mantra 5
Sukta 3.39
Rishi: Viśvāmitra Gāthina (traditional attribution for RV 3)
Devata: Indra
Chandas: Triṣṭubh
Samhita Patha (Devanagari)
सखा ह यत्र सखिभिर्नवग्वैरभिज्ञ्वा सत्वभिर्गा अनुग्मन् । सत्यं तदिन्द्रो दशभिर्दशग्वैः सूर्यं विवेद तमसि क्षियन्तम् ॥
Transliteration
sákhā ha yátra sákhibhir náva-gvair abhí-jñvā́ sátvabhir gā́ anugmán | satyáṁ tád índro daśábhir dáśa-gvaiḥ sū́ryaṁ viveda támási kṣiyántam ||
Translation
如同同伴，在那处与同伴——那伐格瓦（Navagva）——以存在之力而识途，他们追随诸光线（牛）。此乃真实：因陀罗与那十者——达沙格瓦（Daśagva）——在黑暗中发现了居住其中的太阳。
Word by Word
सखाthe companion, friend
सखा:
Kartā
TypeNoun
Rootसखि- (प्रातिपदिक) अथवा सख्य-
हindeed, surely
ह:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootह (निपात)
यत्रwhere
यत्र:
Adhikaraṇa
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयत्र (सर्वनाम-प्रत्ययात्मक अव्यय)
सखिभिःwith (his) companions
सखिभिः:
Karaṇa
TypeNoun
Rootसखि-
नवग्वैःwith the Navagvas
नवग्वैः:
Karaṇa
TypeNoun
Rootनवग्व- (प्रातिपदिक; नवग्वाः नाम ऋषयः)
अभिज्ञ्वाknowing well, fully aware
अभिज्ञ्वा:
Kartā
TypeAdjective
Rootअभि-√ज्ञा (ज्ञा अवबोधने) → अभिज्ञु/अभिज्ञ्वन्- (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक)
सत्वभिःwith powers/forces; with valiant strengths
सत्वभिः:
Karaṇa
TypeNoun
Rootसत्व- (प्रातिपदिक)
गाःthe cows (rays/wealth)
गाः:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootगो- (प्रातिपदिक)
अनुग्मन्they went after; they followed
अनुग्मन्:
—
TypeVerb
Rootअनु-√गम् (गम् गतौ)
सत्यम्the truth; the true (fact)
सत्यम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootसत्य- (प्रातिपदिक)
तत्that
तत्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम)
इन्द्रःIndra
इन्द्रः:
Kartā
TypeNoun
Rootइन्द्र- (प्रातिपदिक)
दशभिःwith ten
दशभिः:
Karaṇa
TypeAdjective
Rootदशन्/दश- (संख्या-प्रातिपदिक)
दशग्वैःwith the Daśagvas
दशग्वैः:
Karaṇa
TypeNoun
Rootदशग्व- (प्रातिपदिक; दशग्वाः नाम ऋषयः)
सूर्यम्the Sun
सूर्यम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootसूर्य- (प्रातिपदिक)
विवेदfound; discovered; came to know
विवेद:
—
TypeVerb
Rootवि-√विद् (विद् ज्ञाने) अथवा √विद् (वेद-धातु)
तमसिin darkness
तमसि:
Adhikaraṇa
TypeNoun
Rootतमस्- (प्रातिपदिक)
क्षियन्तम्dwelling; abiding (there)
क्षियन्तम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Root√क्षि (क्षि निवास-क्षये/क्षयार्थे; ‘क्षीयते’), वर्तमान-कृदन्त प्रातिपदिक क्षियन्त्-
Ritual Application
Philosophical Concepts
Vedic Cosmology
Natural Symbolism
Academic Analysis
Cross References
Yogic Application
Chanting Notes
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