Rig Veda 3.39.4 — Mandala 3, Sukta 39, Mantra 4
Sukta 3.39
Rishi: Viśvāmitra Gāthina (traditional attribution for RV 3)
Devata: Indra
Chandas: Triṣṭubh
Samhita Patha (Devanagari)
नकिरेषां निन्दिता मर्त्येषु ये अस्माकं पितरो गोषु योधाः । इन्द्र एषां दृंहिता माहिनावानुद्गोत्राणि ससृजे दंसनावान् ॥
Transliteration
ná kir eṣāṁ ninditā́ mártyeṣu yé asmā́kaṁ pítaro góṣu yodhā́ḥ | índra eṣāṁ dṛṁhitā́ mā́hināvān úd gotrā́ṇi sasṛje daṁsanā́vān ||
Translation
在众凡人之中，无人能责难他们——我们的父祖——他们是在“牛”（光明）之中作战的勇士。因陀罗以其伟力之宏大使他们坚固；他以成就之能（dáṃsana）向上释放诸被围闭的牛群（隐匿的光线）。
Word by Word
नकि॑ःno one, none
नकि॑ः:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootनकिस् (अव्यय-प्रातिपदिक) < PIE *ne-kʷis?
एषाम्of these (men)
एषाम्:
सम्बन्ध (genitive)
TypePronoun
Rootइदम् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
निन्दिताblamed, reproached
निन्दिता:
कर्तृ-विशेषण (of ‘पितरः’)
TypeAdjective/Participle
Root√निन्द् (निन्दने) → निन्दित (कृदन्त)
मर्त्येषुamong mortals
मर्त्येषु:
अधिकरण
TypeNoun
Rootमर्त्य (प्रातिपदिक) < √मृ (मरणे)
येwho
ये:
सम्बन्ध/अन्वय (relative; subject)
TypePronoun
Rootयद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
अस्माकम्of us, our
अस्माकम्:
सम्बन्ध (genitive)
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
पितरःfathers, forefathers
पितरः:
कर्तृ
TypeNoun
Rootपितृ (प्रातिपदिक)
गोषुamong/for the cows; in the cattle (raids)
गोषु:
अधिकरण
TypeNoun
Rootगो (प्रातिपदिक)
योधाःwarriors
योधाः:
कर्तृ-समनाधिकरण (apposition to ‘पितरः’)
TypeNoun
Rootयोध (प्रातिपदिक) < √युध् (युधे) अथवा √युज् (योजने) से व्युत्पत्ति-परम्परा
इन्द्रःIndra
इन्द्रः:
कर्तृ
TypeNoun
Rootइन्द्र (प्रातिपदिक)
एषाम्of these (men)
एषाम्:
सम्बन्ध (genitive)
TypePronoun
Rootइदम् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
दृंहिताmade firm/strong; strengthened
दृंहिता:
कर्तृ-विशेषण (of ‘इन्द्रः’)
TypeAdjective/Participle
Root√दृंह्/दृह् (दृंहणे ‘to make firm/strong’) → दृंहित (कृदन्त)
माहिनावान्mighty, possessing greatness
माहिनावान्:
कर्तृ-विशेषण (of ‘इन्द्रः’)
TypeAdjective
Rootमाहिनावन्त् (प्रातिपदिक) < महीना/महीन (might, greatness)
अनुद्गोत्राणिthe cattle-pens/enclosures (one after another)
अनुद्गोत्राणि:
कर्म
TypeNoun
Rootअनु- + उद्गोत्र (प्रातिपदिक); उद्गोत्र = ‘उद्-गोत्र’ (cattle-enclosure/pen; cattle-stall)
ससृजेhe released/created
ससृजे:
क्रिया
TypeVerb
Root√सृज् (सर्जने ‘to let loose, create, set free’)
दंसनावान्wonder-working, skillful
दंसनावान्:
कर्तृ-विशेषण (of ‘इन्द्रः’)
TypeAdjective
Rootदंसनावन्त् (प्रातिपदिक) < दंसना (wonder-work, skill, miraculous power)
Ritual Application
Philosophical Concepts
Vedic Cosmology
Natural Symbolism
Academic Analysis
Cross References
Yogic Application
Chanting Notes
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