Ramayana — Yuddha Kanda, Sarga 4, Shloka 30
समुद्रतट-प्रयाणम् तथा वेलावन-निवेशः
March to the Seacoast and Encampment at the Shore
Devanagari script
पुरस्तादृषभो वीरो नील: कुमुद एव च ।पन्थानं शोधयन्तिस्म वानरैर्बहुभि स्सह ।।।।
Transliteration
purastād ṛṣabho vīro nīlaḥ kumuda eva ca |
panthānaṃ śodhayanti sma vānarair bahubhiḥ saha ||
Translation
在前方，英勇的梨沙婆、尼罗与俱牟陀，偕同众多婆那罗，不断侦察并清理行进之路。
Word by Word
पुरस्तात्in front
पुरस्तात्:
Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootpurastāt (अव्यय)
Formदेशवाचक-अव्यय (adverb): ‘in front/ahead’
ऋषभःRishabha
ऋषभः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootṛṣabha (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन (नाम)
वीरःheroic
वीरः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeAdjective
Rootvīra (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; विशेषण (ऋषभः/नीलः/कुमुदः)
नीलःNila
नीलः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootnīla (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन (नाम)
कुमुदःKumuda
कुमुदः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootkumuda (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन (नाम)
एवindeed/also
एव:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/particle)
TypeIndeclinable
Rooteva (अव्यय)
Formअवधारण-निपात (particle of emphasis)
चand
च:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/connector)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चय-अव्यय (conjunction)
पन्थानम्path
पन्थानम्:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootpanthāna (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन
शोधयन्तिsearched/cleared
शोधयन्ति:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√शुध्/√शोध् (धातु)
Formलट् (Present), प्रथमपुरुष, बहुवचन; णिच्-प्रयोग (causative): ‘cause to be clear’ → ‘search/clear’
स्म(narrative particle)
स्म:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/particle)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootsma (अव्यय)
Formस्म-निपात (particle), भूतार्थ/वृत्तान्तसूचक (often with present to indicate past narrative)
वानरैःwith vanaras
वानरैः:
Sahakari (सहकारी/सह)
TypeNoun
Rootvānara (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया, बहुवचन
बहुभिःmany
बहुभिः:
Sahakari (सहकारी/सह)
TypeAdjective
Rootbahu (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया, बहुवचन; विशेषण (वानरैः)
सहtogether with
सह:
Sahakari (सहकारी/सह)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootsaha (अव्यय)
Formसह-अव्यय (postposition/adverb): ‘together with’
Context
Heroic Rshaba, Nila and even Kumuda together with many vanaras were searching on the way.
Characters & Entities
Ṛ
ṚṣabhaN
NīlaK
KumudaV
VanarasFAQs
Dharma in leadership and warfare includes vigilance and protection of the community: scouts clear danger so the larger host may proceed safely.
The vanara vanguard moves ahead to inspect and secure the route during the march toward the enemy.
Alertness and responsibility—taking on risk first for the safety of others.