Shloka 51

शरत्प्रवेशे रामविलापः तथा सुग्रीवप्रमादे लक्ष्मणप्रेषणम्

Autumn’s Onset: Rama’s Lament and Lakshmana Sent to Sugriva

Devanagari script

नवैर्नदीनां कुसुमप्रभासैर्व्याधूयमानैर्मृदुमारुतेन।धौतामलक्षौमपटप्रकाशैःकूलानि काशैरुपशोभितानि।।

Transliteration

navair nadīnāṃ kusumaprabhāsair vyādhūyamānair mṛdumārutena |

dhautāmalakṣaumapaṭaprakāśaiḥ kūlāni kāśair upaśobhitāni ||

Translation

河岸以新生的迦舍草（kāśa）为饰，洁白如初绽之花；在柔和微风中轻轻摇曳，光泽宛若洗净无瑕的丝绸。

Word by Word

• नवैः: with fresh
• नवैः: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: नव (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुं/नपुंसक-सम्भव, तृतीया, बहुवचन; ‘fresh/new’ (qualifying कुसुमप्रभासैः)

• नदीनाम्: of rivers
• नदीनाम्: Shashthi-sambandha (षष्ठी-सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: नदी (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, षष्ठी, बहुवचन

• कुसुम-प्रभासैः: by the radiances/brightnesses of flowers
• कुसुम-प्रभासैः: Karana (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: कुसुम (प्रातिपदिक) + प्रभास (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया (करण), बहुवचन; तत्पुरुषः—‘कुसुमानां प्रभाः’

• व्याधूयमानैः: being wafted
• व्याधूयमानैः: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: वि-आ-धू (धू धातु) (कृदन्त)
• Form: वर्तमानकृदन्त (शानच्), तृतीया, बहुवचन; ‘being shaken/waved’ (qualifying कुसुमप्रभासैः)

• मृदु-मारुतेन: by the gentle wind
• मृदु-मारुतेन: Karana (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मृदु (प्रातिपदिक) + मारुत (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया (करण), एकवचन; कर्मधारयः (मृदुः मारुतः)

• धौत-अमल-क्षौम-पट-प्रकाशैः: with a sheen like washed spotless linen cloth
• धौत-अमल-क्षौम-पट-प्रकाशैः: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: धौत (कृदन्त) + अमल (प्रातिपदिक) + क्षौम (प्रातिपदिक) + पट (प्रातिपदिक) + प्रकाश (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया, बहुवचन; बहुपद-तत्पुरुषः—‘धौतामलक्षौमपटस्य प्रकाशाः इव’ (shining like washed clean linen cloth)

• कूलानि: banks
• कूलानि: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: कूल (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (कर्ता), बहुवचन

• काशैः: with kāśa reeds
• काशैः: Karana (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: काश (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया (करण), बहुवचन

• उपशोभितानि: are beautified
• उपशोभितानि: Kriya-visheshana (क्रियाविशेषण/विधेय)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: उप-शुभ् (शुभ् धातु) (कृदन्त)
• Form: भूतकृदन्त (क्त), नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; ‘adorned/beautified’ (agreeing with कूलानि)

Context

'The river banks shining with fresh white flowers of kasa reeds swayed by the gentle breeze silken look like a lady wrapped in white silk.

Characters & Entities

• kūla (riverbanks)
• māruta (breeze)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Purity and simplicity: the ‘washed cloth’ brightness evokes śauca—cleanliness of life and intention—supporting satya, because truthfulness thrives in an unsoiled mind.

What is the narrative situation?

Autumn scenery continues with rivers and their bright banks, reinforcing the season’s clarity as Rama remains in separation.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Śauca (purity): maintaining cleanliness outwardly and inwardly as part of righteous living.