Ramayana — Ayodhya Kanda, Sarga 97, Shloka 12

भरतागमनशङ्कानिवारणम् / Dispelling Suspicion about Bharata’s Arrival

Chitrakuta Encampment

Devanagari script

अम्बां च कैकयीं रुष्य परुषं चाप्रियं वदन्।प्रसाद्य पितरं श्रीमार्नाज्यं मे दातुमागतः।।।।

Transliteration

ambāṃ ca kaikayīṃ ruṣya paruṣaṃ cāpriyaṃ vadan | prasādya pitaraṃ śrīmān rājyam me dātum āgataḥ ||

Translation

他对母亲凯凯伊愤然不平，口出严厉而不悦之言；又设法安抚我们的父王。光辉的婆罗多前来，是要把王国奉献给我。

Word by Word

• विप्रियम्: anything disagreeable
• विप्रियम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: विप्रिय (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; Accusative singular

• कृतपूर्वम्: done before
• कृतपूर्वम्: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: कृ (धातु; क्त) + पूर्व (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; = done before/previously done; qualifies विप्रियम्

• ते: to you
• ते: Sampradana (सम्प्रदान)
• Type: Noun
• Root: त्वद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: चतुर्थी-एकवचन (एन्‍क्लिटिक) = to you; (could be षष्ठी 'your' by context, but here dative fits 'done to you')

• भरतेन: by Bharata
• भरतेन: Kartr-karana (कर्ता/करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: भरत (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया, एकवचन; Instrumental singular (agent)

• कदा: when (ever)
• कदा: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: कदा (अव्यय)
• Form: प्रश्न-अव्यय (interrogative adverb)

• नु: indeed/then (question particle)
• नु: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: नु (अव्यय)
• Form: प्रश्न/अनुनय-निपात (interrogative particle)

• किम्: what?
• किम्: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: किम् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन; here: प्रथमा as interrogative = what?

• ईदृशम्: such
• ईदृशम्: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: ईदृश (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; qualifies भयम्

• वा: or
• वा: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: वा (अव्यय)
• Form: विकल्प-अव्यय (disjunctive particle) = or

• भयम्: fear
• भयम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: भय (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; Accusative singular (object of implied 'is/exists')

• ते: your
• ते: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/षष्ठी)
• Type: Noun
• Root: त्वद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: षष्ठी/चतुर्थी-एकवचन (एन्‍क्लिटिक); here: षष्ठी = your

• अद्य: today/now
• अद्य: Kriya-visheshana (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अद्य (अव्यय)
• Form: कालवाचक-अव्यय (temporal adverb)

• भरतम्: Bharata
• भरतम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: भरत (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; Accusative singular (object of शङ्कसे)

• यः: you who
• यः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: यद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; relative pronoun referring to 'you' (implicit त्वम्)

• अत्र: here
• अत्र: Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अत्र (अव्यय)
• Form: देशवाचक-अव्यय (locative adverb)

• शङ्कसे: you suspect
• शङ्कसे: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: शङ्क् (धातु)
• Form: लट्-लकार, मध्यम-पुरुष, एकवचन; Present indicative 2sg; आत्मनेपद = you suspect

Context

Finding the time appropriate, Bharata has come to see us. Even in his mind he would have never thought of causing any harm to us in any way.

Characters & Entities

• Bharata
• Kaikeyi
• Dasharatha
• Rama
• kingdom (rājya)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma as loyalty to rightful order: Bharata rejects unjust gain and seeks to restore the kingdom to Rama, the rightful heir.

What is the narrative situation?

Rama describes Bharata’s reaction in Ayodhya—rebuking Kaikeyī, reconciling with Daśaratha, and coming to hand the kingship to Rama.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Bharata’s integrity and renunciation: he refuses power obtained through adharma.