Ramayana — Ayodhya Kanda, Sarga 72, Shloka 2

भरतस्य मातृसदनगमनं कैकेय्या दारुणवृत्तान्तकथनं च

Bharata in Kaikeyi’s apartments: revelation of Daśaratha’s death and Rāma’s exile

Devanagari script

अनुप्राप्तं तु तं दृष्ट्वा कैकेयी प्रोषितं सुतम्।उत्पपात तदा हृष्टा त्यक्त्वा सौवर्णमासनम्।।2.72.2।।

Transliteration

anuprāptaṃ tu taṃ dṛṣṭvā kaikeyī proṣitaṃ sutam | utpapāta tadā hṛṣṭā tyaktvā sauvarṇam āsanam || 2.72.2 ||

Translation

见到那被遣离在外、如今归来的儿子，凯凯伊心生欢喜，立刻起身，离开了金座。

Word by Word

• anuprāptam: arrived, having come
• anuprāptam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: anu-prāp (धातु) > anuprāpta (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Kta (क्त) past passive participle; Neuter, Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular; agreeing with "sutam"

• tu: but/indeed
• tu: Sambandha/Discourse particle (निपात)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tu (अव्यय)
• Form: Particle/conjunction (निपात), adversative/emphatic

• tam: him/that (one)
• tam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Pronoun; Masculine, Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular

• dṛṣṭvā: having seen
• dṛṣṭvā: Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Verb
• Root: dṛś (धातु)
• Form: Absolutive/Gerund (क्त्वा); indeclinable verbal form; prior action

• kaikeyī: Kaikeyi
• kaikeyī: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: kaikeyī (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Feminine, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular

• proṣitam: sent away/absent
• proṣitam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: pra-vas (धातु) > proṣita (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Kta (क्त) past passive participle; Masculine, Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular; agreeing with "sutam"; sense: 'gone away/absent (for a time)'

• sutam: son
• sutam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: suta (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular

• utpapāta: sprang up
• utpapāta: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: ut-pat (धातु)
• Form: Luṅ (लुङ्) Aorist; 3rd person (प्रथमपुरुष), Singular (एकवचन); Parasmaipada

• tadā: then
• tadā: Kāla-adhikaraṇa (कालाधिकरण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tadā (अव्यय)
• Form: Adverb (कालवाचक अव्यय)

• hṛṣṭā: delighted
• hṛṣṭā: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: hṛṣṭa (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Kta (क्त) PPP used adjectivally; Feminine, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular; agreeing with "kaikeyī"

• tyaktvā: having left
• tyaktvā: Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Verb
• Root: tyaj (धातु)
• Form: Absolutive/Gerund (क्त्वा); indeclinable verbal form; prior action

• sauvarṇam: golden
• sauvarṇam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: suvarṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter, Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular; qualifying "āsanam"

• āsanam: seat
• āsanam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: āsana (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter, Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular

Context

Overwhelmed with grief, radiant Bharata reeling with delusion due to sorrow, lamented over the death of his father.

Characters & Entities

• Kaikeyī
• Bharata

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

The verse sets up a moral contrast: outward joy can be ethically ambiguous when it ignores the deeper duties of truth and compassion that the situation soon demands.

What is the narrative situation?

Bharata has returned from absence; Kaikeyī sees him arrive and rises quickly from her seat.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Promptness and emotional expressiveness are shown, though the narrative soon tests whether they align with satya (truthfulness) and dharma.