Ramayana — Ayodhya Kanda, Sarga 66, Shloka 7

अयोध्यायां शोकविलापः

Lamentation in Ayodhya after Daśaratha’s death

Devanagari script

अनियोगे नियुक्तेन राज्ञा रामं विवासितम्।सभार्यं जनकश्श्रुत्वा परितप्स्यत्यहं यथा।।।।

Transliteration

aniyoge niyuktena rājñā rāmaṁ vivāsitam | sabhāryaṁ janakaḥ śrutvā paritapsyaty ahaṁ yathā ||

Translation

当阇那迦听闻国王被迫走上不义之途，将罗摩连同其妻放逐时，他必将如火灼心般悲恸——正如我此刻一般。

Word by Word

• na: not
• na: Niṣedha (निषेध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: na (अव्यय)
• Form: Niṣedha-avyaya (negation)

• lubdhaḥ: a greedy man
• lubdhaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: lubdha (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative (1st), Singular

• budhyate: understands, realizes
• budhyate: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √budh (धातु)
• Form: Laṭ-lakāra (present), Ātmanepada, 3rd person, Singular

• doṣān: faults
• doṣān: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: doṣa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Accusative (2nd), Plural (बहुवचन)

• kimpākam: kimpāka fruit (poisonous)
• kimpākam: Upamāna (उपमान)
• Type: Noun
• Root: kimpāka (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter, Accusative (2nd), Singular

• iva: like
• iva: Upamā-marker (उपमा-सूचक)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: iva (अव्यय)
• Form: Upamā-vācaka avyaya

• bhakṣayan: eating
• bhakṣayan: Kriyāviśeṣaṇa/Viśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण/विशेषण)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √bhakṣ (धातु) + śatṛ (शतृ)
• Form: Present active participle (शतृ), Masculine, Nominative (1st), Singular; qualifying 'lubdhaḥ'

• kubjā-nimittam: because of the hunchback (Mantharā)
• kubjā-nimittam: Hetu (हेतु)
• Type: Noun
• Root: kubjā + nimitta (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Tatpuruṣa (षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष: kubjāyāḥ nimittam); Neuter, Accusative (2nd), Singular; adverbial cause

• kaikeyyā: by Kaikeyi
• kaikeyyā: Karaṇa (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: kaikeyī (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Feminine, Instrumental (3rd/तृतीया), Singular

• rāghavāṇām: of the Rāghavas
• rāghavāṇām: Ṣaṣṭhī-sambandha (षष्ठी-सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: rāghava (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Genitive (6th), Plural

• kulam: family, lineage
• kulam: Karta (कर्ता; of implied 'asti')
• Type: Noun
• Root: kula (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter, Nominative (1st), Singular

• hatam: destroyed
• hatam: Kriyā (क्रिया; participial predicate)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: √han (धातु) + kta (कृत्)
• Form: Past passive participle (क्त), Neuter, Nominative (1st), Singular; predicate adjective of 'kulam'

Context

Hearing the unrighteous action ordered by the king in banishing Rama and his wife king Janaka will suffer great agony like me.

Characters & Entities

• Rama
• Sītā (implied by sabhāryam)
• Daśaratha (the king, implied)
• Janaka

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

A king’s command must align with dharma; when authority is bent into ‘aniyoga’ (unrighteous action), it spreads suffering across families and allied kingdoms.

What is the narrative situation?

Kauśalyā anticipates the pain of Sītā’s father Janaka upon learning that Rāma and Sītā have been exiled.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Compassionate relational awareness: Kauśalyā recognizes that injustice harms not only the immediate victims but also their wider kin.