Ramayana — Ayodhya Kanda, Sarga 66, Shloka 13

अयोध्यायां शोकविलापः

Lamentation in Ayodhya after Daśaratha’s death

Devanagari script

तां ततस्सम्परिष्वज्य विलपन्तीं तपस्विनीम्।व्यपनीय सुदुःखार्तां कौसल्यां व्यावहारिकाः।।।।

Transliteration

tāṃ tataḥ sampariṣvajya vilapantīṃ tapasvinīm |

vyapanīya suduḥkhārtāṃ kausalyāṃ vyāvahārikāḥ ||

Translation

于是众侍女拥抱着她——那哀号不止、苦行般自持的憔悴王后考萨利耶——虽同受深悲，仍轻柔地将她扶离。

Word by Word

• ताम्: her
• ताम्: Karma (कर्म/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), एकवचन; सर्वनाम

• ततः: then/from there
• ततः: Apādāna/Adhikaraṇa (अपादान/अधिकरण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ततः (अव्यय-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: अव्यय; अपादानार्थक/देश-कालवाचक (from there/then)

• सम्परिष्वज्य: having embraced
• सम्परिष्वज्य: Pūrvakāla-kriyā (पूर्वकाल-क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: सम्+परि+स्वज् (धातु)
• Form: क्त्वान्त (absolutive/gerund), अव्ययभाव; पूर्वक्रिया (having embraced)

• विलपन्तीम्: lamenting
• विलपन्तीम्: Karma (कर्म/Object; participle qualifying object)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: वि+लप् (धातु)
• Form: शतृ-प्रत्यय (present active participle), स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), एकवचन; विशेषण (qualifying ताम्/कौसल्याम्)

• तपस्विनीम्: the afflicted/ascetic woman
• तपस्विनीम्: Karma (कर्म/Object; apposition to ताम्)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तपस्विन् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), एकवचन; (here: afflicted/ascetic woman)

• व्यपनीय: having removed/taken aside
• व्यपनीय: Pūrvakāla-kriyā (पूर्वकाल-क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: वि+अप+नी (धातु)
• Form: क्त्वान्त-प्राय (absolutive/gerund; irregular form), अव्ययभाव; पूर्वक्रिया (having removed/taken aside)

• सुदुःखार्ताम्: deeply grief-stricken
• सुदुःखार्ताम्: Karma (कर्म/Object; adjective of कौसल्याम्)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सु+दुःख+आर्त (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), एकवचन; उपपद-तत्पुरुष/कर्मधारय (very-grief-afflicted)

• कौसल्याम्: Kausalya
• कौसल्याम्: Karma (कर्म/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: कौसल्या (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), एकवचन

• व्यावहारिकाः: the attendants/maids
• व्यावहारिकाः: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: व्यावहारिक (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), बहुवचन; (attendants/maids engaged in service)

Context

The servants led away that unfortunate Kausalya who was lamenting in great anguish embracing the body of Dasaratha.

Characters & Entities

• Kausalyā

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma here appears as compassionate restraint and communal care: the attendants intervene to prevent grief from turning into harmful action, supporting the queen while maintaining decorum in a royal crisis.

What is the narrative situation?

Kausalyā is lamenting over Daśaratha’s body; the palace women embrace and escort her away to protect her and proceed with necessary rites.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

The attendants’ seva (service) and karuṇā (compassion), expressed through physical support and timely intervention.