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Ramayana — Ayodhya Kanda, Sarga 105, Shloka 4

भरतस्य प्रार्थना—रामस्य कालधर्मोपदेशः

Bharata’s Petition and Rama’s Instruction on Time and Mortality

Devanagari script

सान्त्विता मामिका माता दत्तं राज्यमिदं मम।तद्ददामि तवैवाहं भुङ्क्ष्व राज्यमकण्टकम्।।2.105.4।।

Transliteration

sāntvitā māmikā mātā dattaṃ rājyam idaṃ mama | tad dadāmi tavaivāhaṃ bhuṅkṣva rājyam akaṇṭakam || 2.105.4 ||

Translation

我的母亲已得安慰，这国度也赐予了我；如今我将这同一王国只交付于你——愿你无碍而治。

Word by Word
सान्त्विताconsoled
सान्त्विता:
Karta (कर्ता; as qualifier)
TypeAdjective
Root√सान्त्व्/सान्त्वय् (धातु) + क्त; ‘सान्त्वित’
Formभूतकर्मणि कृदन्त (क्त); स्त्रीलिङ्ग; प्रथमा एकवचन; विशेषणम् (qualifies ‘माता’) ‘consoled/pacified’
मामिकाmy own
मामिका:
Karta (कर्ता; as qualifier)
TypeAdjective
Rootmāmika (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग; प्रथमा एकवचन; विशेषणम् (my own)
माताmother
माता:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootmātṛ (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग; प्रथमा एकवचन
दत्तम्given
दत्तम्:
Kriya (क्रिया; predicative)
TypeVerb
Root√दा (धातु) + क्त; ‘दत्त’
Formभूतकर्मणि कृदन्त (past passive participle) used predicatively; नपुंसकलिङ्ग; प्रथमा/द्वितीया एकवचन; here with implied ‘अस्ति’ = ‘was given’
राज्यम्kingdom
राज्यम्:
Karma (कर्म/Object)
TypeNoun
Rootrājya (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग; प्रथमा/द्वितीया एकवचन; कर्म (thing given)
इदम्this
इदम्:
Karma (कर्म; as qualifier)
TypeAdjective
Rootidam (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formसर्वनाम; नपुंसकलिङ्ग; प्रथमा/द्वितीया एकवचन; विशेषणम् (this)
ममto me/of me
मम:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Genitive)
TypeNoun
Rootasmad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formसर्वनाम; षष्ठी एकवचन (genitive)
तत्that
तत्:
Karma (कर्म/Object)
TypeAdjective
Roottad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formसर्वनाम; नपुंसकलिङ्ग; द्वितीया एकवचन; विशेषणम् (that) referring to ‘राज्यम्’
ददामिI give
ददामि:
Kriya (क्रिया/Verb)
TypeVerb
Root√दा (धातु)
Formलट् (present); उत्तमपुरुष (1st person) एकवचन; परस्मैपद
तवto you/your
तव:
Sampradana (सम्प्रदान/Recipient)
TypeNoun
Rootyusmad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formसर्वनाम; षष्ठी एकवचन
एवalone
एव:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Emphasis)
TypeIndeclinable
Rooteva (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; निपात (emphasis) ‘alone/indeed’
अहम्I
अहम्:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootasmad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formसर्वनाम; प्रथमा एकवचन
भुङ्क्ष्वenjoy
भुङ्क्ष्व:
Kriya (क्रिया/Command)
TypeVerb
Root√भुज् (धातु)
Formलोट् (imperative); मध्यमपुरुष (2nd person) एकवचन; आत्मनेपद; ‘enjoy/possess’
राज्यम्the kingdom
राज्यम्:
Karma (कर्म/Object)
TypeNoun
Rootrājya (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग; द्वितीया एकवचन
अकण्टकम्unobstructed
अकण्टकम्:
Karma (कर्म; as qualifier)
TypeAdjective
Roota- + kaṇṭaka (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग; द्वितीया एकवचन; नञ्-तत्पुरुषभाव (negated adjective) ‘without thorns/obstacles’; विशेषणम् (qualifies ‘राज्यम्’)
Context

This kingdom was given to me for the satisfaction of my mother. I am bestowing it back on you. Enjoy it without any obstacles.

Characters & Entities
B
Bharata
R
Rāma
K
Kaikeyī

FAQs

Legitimacy and righteousness of rule: Bharata rejects self-serving power and offers the kingdom to the rightful heir, aligning kingship with dharma rather than desire.

Bharata approaches Rāma (in exile context) and declares that the kingdom he received due to his mother’s satisfaction is being handed back to Rāma.

Anāsakti (non-attachment) and integrity: Bharata’s refusal to exploit the boon-driven transfer of power.

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