Ramayana — Ayodhya Kanda, Sarga 105, Shloka 35

भरतस्य प्रार्थना—रामस्य कालधर्मोपदेशः

Bharata’s Petition and Rama’s Instruction on Time and Mortality

Devanagari script

इष्ट्वा बहुविधैर्यज्ञैर्भोगां श्चावाप्य पुष्कलान्।उत्तमं चायुरासाद्य स्वर्गतः पृथिवीपतिः।।2.105.35।।

Transliteration

iṣṭvā bahuvidhair yajñair bhogāṃś cāvāpya puṣkalān | uttamaṃ cāyur āsādya svargataḥ pṛthivīpatiḥ || 2.105.35 ||

Translation

既行种种祭祀，亦享丰足正当之乐，又得上等寿命圆满，国王遂往天界。

Word by Word

• इष्ट्वा: having sacrificed/performed
• इष्ट्वा: क्रियाविशेषण (absolutive; prior action)
• Type: Verb
• Root: यज् (धातु) + त्वा (क्त्वा-प्रत्यय)
• Form: क्त्वा-प्रत्ययान्त अव्ययकृदन्त (gerund), पूर्वकाल (having done), क्रियाविशेषण

• बहुविधैः: with many kinds of
• बहुविधैः: करण (Karaṇa/Instrument)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: बहुविध (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: कर्मधारय-समास (बहवः विधाः); पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया, बहुवचन; विशेषणम् (यज्ञैः)

• यज्ञैः: with sacrifices
• यज्ञैः: करण (Karaṇa/Instrument)
• Type: Noun
• Root: यज्ञ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया, बहुवचन

• भोगान्: enjoyments/pleasures
• भोगान्: कर्म (Karma/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: भोग (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, बहुवचन

• च: and
• च: समुच्चय (conjunction)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; समुच्चयार्थक-निपात

• अवाप्य: having obtained
• अवाप्य: क्रियाविशेषण (absolutive; prior action)
• Type: Verb
• Root: अव-आप् (धातु) + ल्यप् (कृदन्त)
• Form: ल्यप्-प्रत्ययान्त अव्ययकृदन्त (gerund), पूर्वकाल

• पुष्कलान्: abundant
• पुष्कलान्: कर्म (Karma/Object qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: पुष्कल (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, बहुवचन; विशेषणम् (भोगान्)

• उत्तमम्: excellent
• उत्तमम्: कर्म (Karma/Object qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: उत्तम (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; विशेषणम् (आयुः/आयुर्)

• च: and
• च: समुच्चय (conjunction)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; समुच्चयार्थक-निपात

• आयुः: life/span of life
• आयुः: कर्म (Karma/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: आयुस् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन (कर्मरूपेण); छन्दसि/पाठे 'आयुर्' इति सन्ध्यन्तरं

• आसाद्य: having attained
• आसाद्य: क्रियाविशेषण (absolutive; prior action)
• Type: Verb
• Root: आ- सद् (धातु) + ल्यप् (कृदन्त)
• Form: ल्यप्-प्रत्ययान्त अव्ययकृदन्त (gerund), पूर्वकाल

• स्वर्गतः: to heaven
• स्वर्गतः: गति/देश (adverbial goal)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: स्वर्ग (प्रातिपदिक) + तस् (तसिल्-अव्यय)
• Form: तसिल्-प्रत्ययान्त अव्यय (adverbial: 'to heaven/into heaven' in epic usage)

• पृथिवीपतिः: the king
• पृथिवीपतिः: कर्ता (Karta/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पृथिवी + पति (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तत्पुरुष-समास; पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

Context

King Dasaratha, lord of the earth, having performed various kinds of sacrifices and securing a long life, enjoyed abundance of pleasures and attained heaven.

Characters & Entities

• Daśaratha
• Svarga (heaven)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma permits prosperity and enjoyment when grounded in righteous conduct; a complete life integrates duty (yajña), legitimate pleasure (bhoga), and a worthy end.

What is the narrative situation?

Bharata continues consoling by portraying Daśaratha’s life as fulfilled—religious duty performed, worldly aims met, and a good posthumous destination.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Sober perspective on life’s aims (puruṣārthas): Bharata frames loss through a dharmic evaluation of a completed kingship.