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Narada Purana — Purva Bhaga, Shloka 47

Janaka’s Quest for Liberation; Pañcaśikha’s Sāṅkhya on Renunciation, Elements, Guṇas, and the Deathless State

Devanagari script

विनाशिनो ह्यध्रुवजीविनः किं किं बंधुभिर्मत्रपरिग्रहैश्च । विहाय यो गच्छति सर्वमेव क्षणेन गत्वा न निवर्तते च ॥ ४७ ॥

Transliteration

vināśino hyadhruvajīvinaḥ kiṃ kiṃ baṃdhubhirmatraparigrahaiśca | vihāya yo gacchati sarvameva kṣaṇena gatvā na nivartate ca || 47 ||

Translation

对生命无常、终必败坏的众生而言，亲族何用？财物与占有何用？离去之人舍下一切，刹那即逝；既已逝去，便不复返。

Word by Word
विनाशिनःperishable
विनाशिनः:
Visheshana (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootविनाशिन् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, बहुवचन; Nominative plural (describing beings)
हिindeed
हि:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootहि (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; निश्चय/हेतु-सूचक (particle: indeed/for)
अध्रुवजीविनःliving with no permanence
अध्रुवजीविनः:
Visheshana (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootअध्रुव + जीविन् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formकर्मधारय-समास (अध्रुवः जीविन्); पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, बहुवचन; Nominative plural
किम्what? / what use?
किम्:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootकिम् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formअव्ययवत् प्रश्नार्थक; here used as interrogative 'what use?'
किम्what indeed?
किम्:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootकिम् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formअव्ययवत् प्रश्नार्थक; repetition for emphasis
बन्धुभिःwith/through relatives
बन्धुभिः:
Sahakari (सहकारी)/Karana (करण)
TypeNoun
Rootबन्धु (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया-विभक्ति, बहुवचन; Instrumental plural
मात्रपरिग्रहैःwith possessions limited to mere measure (meagre belongings)
मात्रपरिग्रहैः:
Sahakari (सहकारी)/Karana (करण)
TypeNoun
Rootमात्र + परिग्रह (प्रातिपदिक)
Formतत्पुरुष-समास (मात्रस्य परिग्रहः); पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया-विभक्ति, बहुवचन; Instrumental plural
चand
च:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; समुच्चय-बोधक (conjunction)
विहायhaving abandoned
विहाय:
Purvakala-kriya (पूर्वकालक्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootवि + हा (धातु)
Formक्त्वा-प्रत्ययान्त अव्यय (gerund); 'having left behind'
यःwho
यः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootयद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; Relative pronoun, nominative singular
गच्छतिgoes
गच्छति:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootगम् (धातु)
Formलट्-लकार (वर्तमान), प्रथम-पुरुष, एकवचन; परस्मैपद
सर्वम्everything
सर्वम्:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootसर्व (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन; Accusative singular
एवindeed/just
एव:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; अवधारण (particle: only/indeed)
क्षणेनin a moment
क्षणेन:
Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootक्षण (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन; Instrumental singular (time-instrument: 'in a moment')
गत्वाhaving gone
गत्वा:
Purvakala-kriya (पूर्वकालक्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootगम् (धातु)
Formक्त्वा-प्रत्ययान्त अव्यय (gerund); 'having gone'
नnot
न:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootन (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; निषेध (negation particle)
निवर्ततेreturns
निवर्तते:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootनि + वृत् (धातु)
Formलट्-लकार (वर्तमान), प्रथम-पुरुष, एकवचन; आत्मनेपद; 'returns'
चand
च:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; समुच्चय-बोधक
Speaker

Sanatkumara (teaching Narada on Moksha-Dharma)

Vrata Kalpa

Vrata: none

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: shanta

Secondary Rasa: karuna

Characters & Entities
N
Narada

FAQs

It teaches vairāgya (detachment) by stressing that life is fragile and death takes everything away instantly; therefore one should seek mokṣa-oriented practice rather than rely on social ties and possessions.

By highlighting that relatives and wealth cannot accompany the soul, it redirects the seeker toward lasting refuge—devotion to the Supreme (often expressed in the Purana as Vishnu-bhakti)—as the stable support amid impermanence.

No specific Vedāṅga (like Vyākaraṇa, Jyotiṣa, or Kalpa) is directly taught in this verse; the practical takeaway is ethical-spiritual discipline: cultivating dispassion and prioritizing sādhanā over accumulation.

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