Shloka 41

Adhyaya 85 — The Gods’ Hymn to the Goddess and the Emergence of Kaushiki; Shumbha Sends His Envoy

Sanskrit

साऽब्रवीत्तान् सुरान् सुभ्रूर्भवद्भिः स्तूयतेऽत्र का ।

शरीरकोशतश्चास्याः समुद्भूता ब्रवीच्छिवा ॥

Transliteration

sābravīt tān surān subhrūr bhavadbhiḥ stūyate 'tra kā / śarīrakośataś cāsyāḥ samudbhūtā bravīc chivā

Translation

那位秀眉者对诸神说道：“你们在此赞颂的是谁？”随即，从她自身的躯壳（外鞘）中生起另一形相，并开口言说——（她即）湿婆女神（Śivā）。

Word by Word

• sā: she
• sā: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: सर्वनाम, स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• abravīt: said
• abravīt: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: brū (धातु)
• Form: लङ्-लकार (Imperfect/Past), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन

• tān: to those
• tān: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: सर्वनाम, पुंलिङ्ग (m.), द्वितीया (Accusative, 2nd), बहुवचन (Plural)

• surān: the gods
• surān: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: sura (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, बहुवचन

• subhrūḥ: the fair-browed (lady)
• subhrūḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: subhrū (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग (f.), प्रथमा, एकवचन; विशेषण/उपनाम of sā

• bhavadbhiḥ: by you (all)
• bhavadbhiḥ: Karana (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: bhavat (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: सर्वनाम (honorific ‘you’), पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया, बहुवचन

• stūyate: is being praised
• stūyate: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: stu (धातु)
• Form: लट्-लकार (Present), आत्मनेपद, प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; कर्मणि-प्रयोग (passive sense)

• atra: here
• atra: Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: atra (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय, देशवाचक (locative adverb)

• kā: who?
• kā: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: kim (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: प्रश्नवाचक सर्वनाम, स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• śarīra-kośataḥ: from (her) bodily sheath
• śarīra-kośataḥ: Apadana (अपादान)
• Type: Noun
• Root: śarīra (प्रातिपदिक) + kośa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तत्पुरुष-समास (‘body-sheath’), पञ्चमी (Ablative, 5th), एकवचन; -taḥ-प्रत्यय (ablatival)

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय, समुच्चयबोधक

• asyāḥ: of her
• asyāḥ: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: idam (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: सर्वनाम, स्त्रीलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (Genitive, 6th), एकवचन

• samudbhūtā: arisen / emerged
• samudbhūtā: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Verb
• Root: sam-ud-bhū (धातु) → samudbhūta (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: कृदन्त, क्त-प्रत्ययान्त (past passive participle), स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• abravīt: said
• abravīt: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: brū (धातु)
• Form: लङ्-लकार, परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन

• śivā: Śivā (the auspicious goddess)
• śivā: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: śivā (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

Speakers

• Narrator (ṛṣi) recounting; dialogue: Pārvatī to the Devas; then the emerged Devī-form speaks

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "adbhuta", "secondaryRasa": "vira", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Primary Deities

• Pārvatī
• Śivā/Devī
• Devas

Shakti Aspects

• Śivā; emergence from śarīra-kośa (suggestive of Kauśikī/emanated śakti in this narrative complex)

Key Themes

• Emanation theology
• Multiple forms of Devī
• Theophany and identity
• Devī Māhātmya narrative mechanics

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

The text models layered divinity: one form may question while another—emerging from within—receives praise. Ethically it cautions against rigid, single-form conceptions of the Divine; reverence should accommodate mystery and multiplicity.

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

Narrative (ākhyāna) and theological exposition, not Pancalakṣaṇa. It explains how Devī can be simultaneously personal (Pārvatī) and transcendent/immanent (the praised all-pervading Devī).

What is the esoteric significance?

‘Sheath’ (kośa) language evokes inner layers: from the outer covering arises the subtler power. Symbolically, when the surface identity is set aside, the deeper śakti becomes manifest and articulate.