Shloka 2

Adhyaya 32 — Rules for Parvana Śrāddha: Foods that Please the Ancestors and Items to Avoid

Sanskrit

मासं पितॄणां तृप्तिश्च हविष्यानेन जायते ।

मासद्वयं मत्स्यमांसैस्तृप्तिं यान्ति पितामहाः ॥

Transliteration

māsaṃ pitṝṇāṃ tṛptiś ca haviṣyānnena jāyate | māsadvayaṃ matsyamāṃsais tṛptiṃ yānti pitāmahāḥ ||

Translation

以供献之食——哈维希扬那（haviṣyānna）——祖灵（Pitṛ）的满足可持续一月；以鱼与肉为供，诸祖父得满足可达两月。

Word by Word

• māsam: for a month
• māsam: Kāla-adhikaraṇa (कालाधिकरण/duration)
• Type: Noun
• Root: māsa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine; Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया); Singular (एकवचन); measure of duration

• pitṝṇām: of the ancestors
• pitṝṇām: Sambandha (षष्ठी/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: pitṛ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine; Genitive (6th/षष्ठी); Plural (बहुवचन)

• tṛptiḥ: satisfaction
• tṛptiḥ: Karta (कर्ता/subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tṛpti (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Feminine; Nominative (1st/प्रथमा); Singular (एकवचन)

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: Avyaya; conjunction (समुच्चय)

• haviṣyānnena: by haviṣya-food (sacrificial fare)
• haviṣyānnena: Karaṇa (करण/instrument)
• Type: Noun
• Root: haviṣya (प्रातिपदिक) + anna (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter; Instrumental (3rd/तृतीया); Singular (एकवचन); तत्पुरुष: 'haviṣyaṃ annaṃ' (karmadhāraya-like) / 'haviṣyasya annaṃ' (usage: sacrificial food)

• jāyate: arises/occurs
• jāyate: Kriya (क्रिया/predicate)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √jan (धातु)
• Form: Present tense (लट्); 3rd person (प्रथमपुरुष); Singular (एकवचन); Ātmanepada (आत्मनेपद)

• māsa-dvayam: for two months
• māsa-dvayam: Kāla-adhikaraṇa (कालाधिकरण/duration)
• Type: Noun
• Root: māsa (प्रातिपदिक) + dvaya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter; Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया); Singular (एकवचन); द्विगु-समास: 'two months' as a unit

• matsya-māṃsaiḥ: by fish and meat
• matsya-māṃsaiḥ: Karaṇa (करण/instrument)
• Type: Noun
• Root: matsya (प्रातिपदिक) + māṃsa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter; Instrumental (3rd/तृतीया); Plural (बहुवचन); इतरेतर-द्वन्द्व: 'fish and meat'

• tṛptim: satisfaction
• tṛptim: Karma (कर्म/object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tṛpti (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Feminine; Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया); Singular (एकवचन)

• yānti: attain/go to
• yānti: Kriya (क्रिया/predicate)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √yā (धातु)
• Form: Present tense (लट्); 3rd person (प्रथमपुरुष); Plural (बहुवचन); Parasmaipada (परस्मैपद)

• pitāmahāḥ: grandfathers/ancestors
• pitāmahāḥ: Karta (कर्ता/subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: pitāmaha (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine; Nominative (1st/प्रथमा); Plural (बहुवचन)

Speakers

• Madālasa → Alarka

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Primary Deities

• Pitṛs

Key Themes

• Dharma
• Śrāddha
• Pitṛ-tarpaṇa
• Food offerings
• Ritual results (phala)

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

The text maps offering-types to stated results, encouraging deliberate, informed giving. It also reflects a graded model of ritual ‘nourishment’ (tṛpti) for ancestors.

How does this fit the Pancalakṣaṇa (5 characteristics)?

Ācāra/Dharma and phala-śruti (result statements), rather than cosmological pancalakṣaṇa topics.

What is the esoteric significance?

‘Duration of satisfaction’ encodes a time-symbolism: offerings are not merely material but are treated as sustaining subtle continuity between descendants and Pitṛ-realms across calendrical cycles.