Dāyavibhāga (Inheritance Apportionment) and Household Precedence — Dialogue of Yudhiṣṭhira and Bhīṣma
“यदि तुम्हारे मतमें मूल्य देनेमात्रसे ही विवाहका पूर्ण निश्चय हो जाता है, पाणिग्रहणसे नहीं, तब तो स्मृतिका यह कथन ही व्यर्थ होगा कि कन््याका पिता एक वरसे शुल्क ले लेनेपर भी दूसरे किसी गुणवान् वरका आश्रय ले सकता है। अर्थात् पहलेको छोड़कर दूसरे गुणवान् वरसे अपनी कन्याका विवाह कर सकता है ।।
bhīṣma uvāca | yadi te matena mūlya-dāna-mātreṇaiva vivāhasya pūrṇa-niścayo bhavati, na pāṇigrahaṇena, tadā smṛter idaṃ vacanam eva vyarthaṃ syāt—yad uktaṃ: kanyāyāḥ pitā ekasmād varāt śulkaṃ gṛhītvāpi anyasya guṇavato varasya āśrayaṃ gantuṃ śaknoti; arthāt pūrvaṃ tyaktvā anyena guṇavatā varena svāṃ kanyāṃ vivāhayet || na hi dharmavidaḥ prāhuḥ pramāṇaṃ vākyataḥ smṛtam | yeṣāṃ vai śulkato niṣṭhā na pāṇigrahaṇāt tathā ||
毗湿摩说道:“若依你之见,婚姻仅凭给付聘价便算完全定局,而不凭执手之礼(pāṇigrahaṇa),那么《斯摩利提》中一条著名的法则便成了空话:即便少女之父已从一位求婚者处收受费用,仍可转而依从德行更胜者;也就是说,可以舍弃前者,将女儿嫁与更有资格之人。因为通晓正法者并不承认那种主张为权威证据——把‘终局’系于费用,而不系于应当庄严完成的执手之礼。其伦理要旨在于:商业性的给付不能凌驾于婚姻依正法完成之上,也不能束缚一家,使其不能择取更具德行的姻缘。”
भीष्य उवाच
A marriage is not ethically or legally finalized merely by payment of a fee; its dharmic completion depends on the proper rite (pāṇigrahaṇa). Therefore, accepting a bride-price does not irrevocably bind the girl’s father if a more virtuous suitor is available.
Bhishma addresses a dispute about what makes a marriage binding. He refutes the view that payment alone finalizes the match, citing the dharma-tradition that even after taking a fee from one suitor, the father may choose another worthier groom, because the decisive act is the ritual hand-taking.