Previous Verse
Next Verse

Shloka 43

Dāyavibhāga (Inheritance Apportionment) and Household Precedence — Dialogue of Yudhiṣṭhira and Bhīṣma

शिष्टानां क्षत्रियाणां च धर्म एब सनातन: । युधिष्ठिर! इस प्रकार ब्याहने योग्य वरको बुलाकर उसके साथ कन्याका विवाह करना उत्तम ब्राह्मणोंका धर्म-ब्राह्मविवाह है। जो धन आदिके द्वारा वरपक्षको अनुकूल करके कन्यादान किया जाता है

śiṣṭānāṃ kṣatriyāṇāṃ ca dharma eṣa sanātanaḥ | yudhiṣṭhira! evaṃ vivāhane yogyaṃ varaṃ āhūya tena saha kanyāyā vivāhaḥ kartavya iti—eṣa brāhmaṇānāṃ śreṣṭhānāṃ dharmaḥ, brāhma-vivāhaḥ | yaḥ dhana-ādibhiḥ varapakṣaṃ anukūlya kṛtvā kanyādānaṃ kriyate, sa śiṣṭa-brāhmaṇa-kṣatriyāṇāṃ sanātano dharmaḥ smṛtaḥ (ayam eva prājāpatya-vivāhaḥ) | yadi vaḥ śulkato niṣṭhā na pāṇigrahaṇāt tathā | lājāntaram upāsīta prāptaśulka iti smṛtiḥ ||

毗湿摩说道:“尤提士提罗啊,这便是有教养之人以及刹帝利所遵行的古老常法:召来一位相称的郎君,将少女嫁与他——此即‘梵式婚’(Brahma),为最上等婆罗门所称许。若女方以财物与诸般馈赠使男方家悦服,然后嫁女,此亦被称为端正的婆罗门与刹帝利间的古行,名为‘生主式婚’(Prajāpatya)。又《斯摩利提》有言:若一人的定意系于聘价而不系于执手之礼(pāṇigrahaṇa),当另求婚配;此人便被记作‘得了聘价者’。”

यदिif
यदि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयदि
वःof you / your
वः:
Sampradana
TypePronoun
Rootयुष्मद्
Form—, Genitive, Plural
शुल्कतःfrom/with respect to bride-price (fee)
शुल्कतः:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootशुल्क
FormNeuter, Ablative, Singular
निष्ठाsteadfastness / commitment
निष्ठा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootनिष्ठा
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
पाणिग्रहणात्from the taking of the hand (marriage rite)
पाणिग्रहणात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootपाणिग्रहण
FormNeuter, Ablative, Singular
तथाso / likewise
तथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा
लाजान्तरम्the interval/space of parched grain (i.e., the laja-offering interval; a ritual marker)
लाजान्तरम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootलाजान्तर
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
उपासीतshould observe / should wait upon / should attend to
उपासीत:
TypeVerb
Rootउप-आस्
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
प्राप्तशुल्कःone who has received the fee/bride-price
प्राप्तशुल्कः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootप्राप्तशुल्क
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
इतिthus
इति:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइति
स्मृतिःthe tradition / Smriti text
स्मृतिः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootस्मृति
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma
Y
Yudhishthira
B
Brahma-vivaha
P
Prajapatya-vivaha
S
Smriti

Educational Q&A

The verse distinguishes approved marriage norms: marrying a maiden to a worthy groom (Brahma marriage) is ideal, while giving a daughter after making the groom’s side favorable through wealth is also treated as an established practice (identified here with Prajapatya). It cautions against treating marriage as a transaction centered on bride-price rather than the sacred rite.

In the Anushasana Parva’s dharma instruction, Bhishma answers Yudhishthira’s questions by classifying marriage practices and their ethical standing, citing Smriti-style authority to warn against mercenary motives in arranging marriages.