Sutra 42
Devanagari script
राज्ञा पुत्रे च शत्रौ च यथादोषं समं धृतः ॥ कZ_०३.१.४२च्द् ॥
Transliteration
rājñā putre ca śatrau ca yathādoṣaṃ samaṃ dhṛtaḥ
Translation
国王必须依罪行轻重一视同仁地施罚——无论是对自己的儿子还是对敌人。
Word by Word
राज्ञाby the king
राज्ञा:
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
Formपुंलिङ्ग; तृतीया एकवचन (करण/कर्ता-निर्देश)
पुत्रेin the case of the son / with regard to the son
पुत्रे:
TypeNoun
Rootपुत्र
Formपुंलिङ्ग; सप्तमी एकवचन (विषय/अधिकरण)
चand
च:
TypeParticle
Rootच
Formसमुच्चय-अव्यय
शत्रौin the case of the enemy / with regard to the enemy
शत्रौ:
TypeNoun
Rootशत्रु
Formपुंलिङ्ग; सप्तमी एकवचन (विषय/अधिकरण)
चand
च:
TypeParticle
Rootच
Formसमुच्चय-अव्यय
यथा-दोषम्according to the offence; proportionately to the fault
यथा-दोषम्:
TypeAdverbial (indeclinable usage)
Rootयथा + दोष
Formअव्ययीभाव-समास; अर्थे ‘दोषानुसारम्’; दोषम् = नपुंसकलिङ्ग/पुंलिङ्ग? (प्रायः पुं.) द्वितीया एकवचन, समासे अव्ययवत्
समम्equally; impartially
समम्:
TypeAdjective/Adverb
Rootसम
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग; द्वितीया एकवचन; क्रियाविशेषणवत् (समत्वेन)
धृतःis held/maintained/applied
धृतः:
TypeVerb (past passive participle)
Rootधृ
Formकृदन्त (क्त); पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा एकवचन; कर्मणि/भावे—‘held/maintained/applied’
Entities Mentioned
R
rājan (king)P
putra (son)Ś
śatru (enemy)FAQs
Yathādoṣam—punishment proportional to the offense, not proportional to status or relationship.
To define impartiality at both extremes: kin-favoritism and hostile bias must not distort adjudication.