को वा भवाब्धौ पततस्तारयिष्यति संगतान् । न कलौ संभवस्तस्य त्रियुगो मधुसूदनः । तं विना पुंडरीकाक्षं कथं स्याम कलौ युगे
ko vā bhavābdhau patatastārayiṣyati saṃgatān | na kalau saṃbhavastasya triyugo madhusūdanaḥ | taṃ vinā puṃḍarīkākṣaṃ kathaṃ syāma kalau yuge
Vậy ai sẽ đưa chúng ta—những kẻ cùng sa ngã vào biển cả luân hồi—qua bờ? Trong thời Kali, Madhusūdana, Đấng hiện thân trong ba thời đại, không còn giáng lâm hiển hiện. Không có Đấng Mắt Sen ấy, làm sao chúng ta chịu nổi trong kỷ nguyên Kali?
One of the assembled sages (lament in council; specific speaker not named)
Tirtha: Dvārakā (implied)
Type: kshetra
Scene: Sages gaze toward a vast ocean symbolizing saṃsāra; waves dark and high, their faces anxious; above, a faint, distant lotus-eyed Viṣṇu/Kṛṣṇa form appears like a memory, emphasizing avatāra-viraha in Kali.
It expresses human helplessness in saṃsāra and the need for divine grace, especially when dharma is weak in Kali-yuga.
The verse is theological; within Dvārakā-māhātmya it prepares the ground for seeking Viṣṇu’s saving presence tied to Dvārakā’s sanctity.
None directly; the focus is on deliverance and divine availability in Kali-yuga.