एतस्मिन्नंतरे शक्रो न ववर्ष क्रुद्धाऽन्वितः । यावद्द्वादशवर्षाणि तस्मि न्राज्यं प्रशासति
etasminnaṃtare śakro na vavarṣa kruddhā'nvitaḥ | yāvaddvādaśavarṣāṇi tasmi nrājyaṃ praśāsati
Trong lúc ấy, Śakra (Indra) vì phẫn nộ nên không ban mưa suốt mười hai năm, đúng vào thời gian ngài trị vì vương quốc.
Sūta (narrator)
Scene: A parched landscape: cracked earth, withered crops, anxious villagers looking to a cloudless sky; Indra shown aloof or wrathful in the heavens withholding rain.
Cosmic order mirrors moral order; when divine forces are displeased, suffering arises, prompting a turn toward dharma and sacred means of remedy.
Not directly named here; the drought functions as the narrative catalyst leading toward the tīrtha’s salvific role.
None explicitly; later verses typically introduce rites (snāna, dāna, worship) as remedies.