Skanda Purana — Nagara Khanda, Shloka 29

Devanagari script

सच्छूद्रस्याधिकारे सा कदाचिन्नैव जायते । या कन्या स्वयमुद्यम्य पित्रा दत्ता वराय च

Transliteration

sacchūdrasyādhikāre sā kadācinnaiva jāyate | yā kanyā svayamudyamya pitrā dattā varāya ca

Translation

Nàng không bao giờ thuộc vào phạm vi quyền đáng có của một Śūdra hiền thiện—tức là thiếu nữ mà người cha tự nguyện gả cho chàng rể.

Word by Word

• sat-śūdrasya: of a good śūdra
• sat-śūdrasya: Sambandha (Genitive/षष्ठी-सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: sat (प्रातिपदिक) + śūdra (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (6th/Genitive), एकवचन; कर्मधारयः (‘सत् शूद्रः’ = good śūdra)

• adhikāre: in the domain/entitlement
• adhikāre: Adhikaraṇa (Locus/अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: adhikāra (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th/Locative), एकवचन

• sā: she
• sā: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन

• kadācit: ever/at any time
• kadācit: Kālādhi-kriyāviśeṣaṇa (Temporal adverb/काल)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: kadācit (अव्यय)
• Form: कालवाचक-अव्यय (adverb of time: ‘ever/at any time’)

• na: not
• na: Sambandha (Relation/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: na (अव्यय)
• Form: निषेधार्थक-अव्यय

• eva: at all/indeed
• eva: Sambandha (Relation/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: eva (अव्यय)
• Form: अवधारणार्थक-अव्यय

• jāyate: is born/arises
• jāyate: Kriyā (Action/क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: jan (धातु)
• Form: लट्-लकार (Present), आत्मनेपद, प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन; भावे/कर्मणि ‘is born/comes to be’

• yā: who (the girl)
• yā: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: yad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन; सम्बन्धक-सर्वनाम

• kanyā: maiden
• kanyā: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: kanyā (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन

• svayam: by herself
• svayam: Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (Adverbial/क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: svayam (अव्यय)
• Form: स्वयम्-शब्दः, अव्यय (reflexive adverb: ‘oneself’)

• udyamya: having taken up (initiative)
• udyamya: Pūrvakāla-kriyā (Prior action/पूर्वक्रिया)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ud + yam (धातु)
• Form: क्त्वा-प्रत्ययान्त अव्ययभाव (gerund/absolutive): ‘having undertaken/raised (initiative)’

• pitrā: by the father
• pitrā: Karta (Agent in passive/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: pitṛ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd/Instrumental), एकवचन

• dattā: given (in marriage)
• dattā: Viśeṣaṇa (Adjective/विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: dā (धातु) → datta (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन; क्त-प्रत्ययान्त (PPP)

• varāya: to the groom
• varāya: Sampradāna (Recipient/सम्प्रदान)
• Type: Noun
• Root: vara (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, चतुर्थी (4th/Dative), एकवचन

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (Relation/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चयार्थक-अव्यय

Speaker

Skanda (deduced: Nāgarakhaṇḍa Tīrthamāhātmya narrative voice)

Visual Art Cues

Scene: A domestic dharma scene: a father formally offering his daughter’s hand to a groom in a ritual setting, with elders witnessing; emphasis on propriety and rite rather than romance.

FAQs

What is the primary spiritual lesson of this shloka?

It frames marriage as governed by prescribed social-dharmic boundaries, emphasizing ‘rightful entitlement’ as defined by the text’s normative order.

Which specific holy site (Tirtha) is glorified here?

No specific tīrtha is mentioned in this verse.

What ritualistic prescription is mentioned?

It alludes to the act of a father giving the maiden to a groom (kanyādāna) but does not describe procedural ritual details here.