शिवस्य परापरब्रह्मस्वरूपनिर्णयः / Determination of Śiva as Higher and Lower Brahman
तमेकमेव बहुधा वदंति यदुनंदन । अजानन्तः परं भावमविकल्पं महर्षयः
tamekameva bahudhā vadaṃti yadunaṃdana | ajānantaḥ paraṃ bhāvamavikalpaṃ maharṣayaḥ
Hỡi hậu duệ của Yadu, các bậc đại hiền chỉ nói về Đấng Duy Nhất ấy bằng nhiều cách. Vì chưa chứng tri trạng thái tối thượng, vô phân biệt, bất nhị vượt ngoài mọi khái niệm, nên các ngài diễn tả Ngài bằng nhiều danh ngôn khác nhau.
Suta Goswami
Tattva Level: pati
Shiva Form: Īśāna
It teaches that the Supreme (Shiva as Pati) is one, yet spoken of with many names and doctrines; liberation arises by realizing His avikalpa—concept-free, non-dual—nature rather than clinging to partial descriptions.
The Linga and other saguna forms are valid devotional supports that point to the One Shiva; the verse reminds the seeker to use form and name as gateways, culminating in recognition of the formless, undivided reality they signify.
Avikalpa is approached through steady japa of the Panchakshara (Om Namaḥ Śivāya) with inward contemplation—letting names and concepts settle—supported by Shaiva disciplines like bhasma (tripuṇḍra) and rudrākṣa as aids to focus and purity.