Rig Veda 9.74.4: Mandala 9, Sukta 74, Mantra 4

Sukta 9.74

Rishi: Traditionally attributed to Soma-pavamāna seers of Mandala 9 (specific ṛṣi for 9.74 varies by Anukramaṇī recension)

Devata: Soma Pavamāna (Soma as the purifying, self-manifesting nectar of consciousness)

Chandas: Jagatī (probable for 9.74; confirmation depends on pada-count recension)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

आत्मन्वन्नभो दुह्यते घृतं पय ऋतस्य नाभिरमृतं वि जायते । समीचीनाः सुदानवः प्रीणन्ति तं नरो हितमव मेहन्ति पेरवः ॥

Transliteration

ātmanván nabhó duhyate ghṛtáṃ páya ṛtásya nā́bhir amṛ́taṃ ví jāyate | samīcīnā́ḥ sudā́navaḥ prīṇanti táṃ náro hitám áva mehanti péravaḥ ||

Translation

Từ bầu trời tự chủ, sự phong nhiêu tinh luyện được vắt ra—vị ngọt rạng ngời của nó; từ cái rốn của ṛta, tinh chất bất tử sinh ra và lan tỏa. Những ai vận hành trong sự hòa hợp đúng đắn, các bậc ban phát thiện lành, hoan hỷ nơi Ngài; con người đặt Ngài vào bên trong rồi rưới đổ Ngài xuống như cơn mưa dưỡng nuôi.

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Word by Word

• आत्मन्वत्: possessed of self/strength; self-impelled
• आत्मन्वत्: विशेषण (of kartā/subject सोमः)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: आत्मन् + वत् (prātipadika + possessive suffix)

• नभः: sky, firmament
• नभः: अधिकारण (locative sense in Vedic usage: ‘in/through the sky’; formally nom./acc.)
• Type: Noun
• Root: नभस् (prātipadika)

• दुह्यते: is milked; yields
• दुह्यते: क्रिया (passive/middle: ‘is milked / yields’)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √दुह् (to milk)

• घृतम्: ghee, clarified butter
• घृतम्: कर्म
• Type: Noun
• Root: घृत (prātipadika)

• पयः: milk; nourishing sap
• पयः: कर्म (co-ordinate with घृतम्)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पयस् (prātipadika)

• ऋतस्य: of ṛta (cosmic order/truth)
• ऋतस्य: सम्बन्ध (genitive dependent on नाभिः)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ऋत (prātipadika)

• नाभिः: navel; hub; central source
• नाभिः: कर्तृ (as subject-noun: ‘the navel/source’)
• Type: Noun
• Root: नाभि (prātipadika)

• अमृतम्: immortal (substance); ambrosia
• अमृतम्: कर्म/फल (that which is produced/comes forth)
• Type: Noun/Adjective
• Root: अमृत (prātipadika)

• वि: apart, forth, widely
• वि: क्रियाविशेषण
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: वि (upasarga/avyaya)

• जायते: is born; arises
• जायते: क्रिया
• Type: Verb
• Root: √जन् (to be born, arise)

• समीचीनाः: harmonious; well-directed; in due order
• समीचीनाः: विशेषण (of सुदानवः)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: समीचीन (prātipadika; ‘going/lying together, fitting, harmonious’)

• सुदानवः: the bountiful ones; generous givers
• सुदानवः: कर्तृ
• Type: Noun/Adjective
• Root: सु-दानु (prātipadika; ‘good-giving/munificent’)

• प्रीणन्ति: they gladden; they satisfy
• प्रीणन्ति: क्रिया
• Type: Verb
• Root: √प्री (to please, gladden, satisfy)

• तम्: him/that (Soma)
• तम्: कर्म
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद् (sarvanāman)

• नरः: men; heroes
• नरः: कर्तृ
• Type: Noun
• Root: नर (prātipadika)

• हितम्: set/placed; established; beneficial
• हितम्: विशेषण (of कर्म तम्)
• Type: Adjective (past participle)
• Root: हित (PPP of √धा ‘to place’; prātipadika)

• अव: down; forth
• अव: क्रियाविशेषण
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अव (upasarga/avyaya)

• मेहन्ति: they pour down; they rain
• मेहन्ति: क्रिया
• Type: Verb
• Root: √मिह्/√मेह् (Vedic: to pour, rain, shed)

• पेरवः: the pressing/active ones (pressers/agents)
• पेरवः: कर्तृ (co-ordinate with नरः, or apposition)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पेरु/पेरव (prātipadika; Vedic epithet, often ‘swift/active ones’, used of pressing-stones/agents)