Rig Veda 5.19.4 — Mandala 5, Sukta 19, Mantra 4
Sukta 5.19
Rishi: Atri (Ātreya)
Devata: Agni (as nourishing essence and heat; gharma comparison supports fiery/heat principle)
Chandas: Tristubh (probable)
Samhita Patha (Devanagari)
प्रियं दुग्धं न काम्यमजामि जाम्योः सचा । घर्मो न वाजजठरोऽदब्धः शश्वतो दभः ॥
Transliteration
priyáṃ dugdháṃ na kā́myam ajāmi jāmyóḥ sácā | gharmó na vā́jajaṭharo 'dábdhaḥ śáśvato dábhaḥ ||
Translation
Như sữa được yêu quý, ngọt lành và đáng ước; người được sinh ra trong sự thân cận của các quyền năng đồng tộc. Và như Gharma, người là bụng của sự sung mãn—không bị lừa dối, không suy kiệt trong cõi thường hằng.
Word by Word
प्रियम्dear, pleasing
प्रियम्:
कर्म (object/complement)
TypeAdjective
Rootप्रिय- (प्रातिपदिक) < PIE *prih₁- ‘dear, beloved’ (adj.)
दुग्धम्milk; the milked (drink)
दुग्धम्:
कर्म
TypeNoun (used adjectivally/substantively)
Rootदुग्ध- (PPP) √दुह् ‘to milk’
नlike, as
न:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootन (उपमा-निपात) अव्यय
काम्यम्desirable, wished-for
काम्यम्:
कर्म
TypeAdjective
Rootकाम्य- (gerundive/adj.) from √कम्/काम् ‘to desire’
अजामिAjāmi (a name/epithet; ‘unborn/unyoked’ in Vedic usage)
अजामि:
कर्ता
TypeNoun/Adjective (epithet)
Rootअजामि- (प्रातिपदिक; Vedic epithet)
जाम्योःof the two kindred/kinsmen
जाम्योः:
सम्बन्ध (genitival relation)
TypeAdjective/Substantive
Rootजाम्य- (प्रातिपदिक) ‘of kin/related; of the two kindred’
सचाtogether with, in company
सचा:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसचा (अव्यय) < √सच् ‘to accompany, follow’
घर्मःthe Gharma (hot oblation); heat
घर्मः:
कर्ता (second subject in parallel)
TypeNoun
Rootघर्म- (प्रातिपदिक) ‘heat; hot drink/oblation (gharma)’
नlike
न:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootन (उपमा-निपात) अव्यय
वाजजठरःhaving a belly full of strength; strength-bellied
वाजजठरः:
कर्ता (qualifier of घर्मः / implied deity)
TypeAdjective (compound)
Rootवाज-जठर- (समास; प्रातिपदिक) वाज ‘strength/prize’ + जठर ‘belly’
अदब्धःunharmed; unbeguiled; unassailable
अदब्धः:
कर्ता (qualifier)
TypeAdjective
Rootअदब्ध- (प्रातिपदिक) a- + √दभ् ‘to harm, deceive’
शश्वतःever, continually
शश्वतः:
सम्बन्ध / अव्ययीभावार्थ (adverbial)
TypeAdjective (used adverbially/genitively in Vedic)
Rootशश्वत् (प्रातिपदिक) ‘everlasting, continual’
दभःharm; injury; deception
दभः:
कर्ता/भाव (as abstract: ‘harm’)
TypeNoun
Rootदभ- (प्रातिपदिक) from √दभ् ‘to harm, deceive’
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