Rig Veda 5.19.3: Mandala 5, Sukta 19, Mantra 3
Sukta 5.19
Rishi: Atri (Ātreya) (with mention of Śvaitreya as patron/figure in the hymn’s milieu)
Devata: Agni (probable hymn-deity; verse includes descriptive epithets that can attach to Agni or the inspired figure empowered by Agni)
Chandas: Tristubh (probable)
Samhita Patha (Devanagari)
आ श्वैत्रेयस्य जन्तवो द्युमद्वर्धन्त कृष्टयः । निष्कग्रीवो बृहदुक्थ एना मध्वा न वाजयुः ॥
Transliteration
ā́ śvaitreyásya jantávo dyumád vardhanta kṛ́ṣṭayaḥ | niṣkágrīvo bṛháduktha enā́ madhvā́ na vājayúḥ ||
Translation
Hướng về Śvaitreya (Śvaitreya), các dân và các giống tộc canh tác tăng trưởng trong uy lực rực sáng; kẻ mang vòng cổ vàng, có lời tụng ca rộng lớn—nhờ điều ấy, người tiến đi như mật, là kẻ tìm cầu sự sung mãn (vāja).
Word by Word
आtowards; forth
आ:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootआ (उपसर्ग) / ā (preverb)
श्वैत्रेयस्यof Śvaitreya
श्वैत्रेयस्य:
सम्बन्ध (genitive relation)
TypeNoun
Rootश्वैत्रेय (प्रातिपदिक; patronymic from श्वैत्रेय/श्वैत्रेय-)
जन्तवःcreatures; people
जन्तवः:
कर्तृ
TypeNoun
Rootजन्तु (प्रातिपदिक)
द्यु॒मद्वर्धन्तgrew splendidly; increased in brilliance
द्यु॒मद्वर्धन्त:
क्रिया
TypeVerb
Rootवृध् (धातु) + द्युमत् (उपपद/विशेषण)
कृष्टयःthe peoples; communities
कृष्टयः:
कर्तृ (apposition to जन्तवः)
TypeNoun
Rootकृष्टि (प्रातिपदिक)
निष्कग्रीवः(he) with a gold neck-ornament
निष्कग्रीवः:
कर्तृ/विशेष्य-विशेषण (subject epithet)
TypeAdjective
Rootनिष्कग्रीव (प्रातिपदिक; niṣka- ‘gold ornament’ + grīva- ‘neck’ → ‘having a niṣka on the neck’)
बृहदुक्थः(he) of great hymn; great-chanting
बृहदुक्थः:
कर्तृ/विशेषण
TypeAdjective
Rootबृहद् + उक्त्थ (प्रातिपदिक; ‘great’ + ‘hymn/chant’)
एनाwith this; thereby
एना:
करण
TypePronoun
Rootएना (सर्वनाम/अव्यय-प्रयोग; instr. of एतद् in Vedic: ‘by this/therewith’)
मध्वाwith sweetness; with honey/mead
मध्वा:
करण
TypeNoun
Rootमधु (प्रातिपदिक)
नlike; as
न:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootन (अव्यय)
वाजयुःthe prize-seeker; racer (striving for the prize)
वाजयुः:
कर्तृ (of implied verb ‘(he) goes/strives’)
TypeNoun
Rootवाजयु (प्रातिपदिक; ‘seeking/impelling prize, eager for victory’)
Ritual Application
Philosophical Concepts
Vedic Cosmology
Natural Symbolism
Academic Analysis
Cross References
Yogic Application
Chanting Notes
Ask anything about this verse
Answers come straight from the texts, with the shlokas they draw on. Ask in your own words.
Not sure where to start?
A free sign-in with Google or Apple keeps your chat saved across web and the app.
Read Rig Veda in the Vedapath app
Scan the QR code to open this directly in the app, with word-by-word meanings, Sanskrit recitation where available, and more.