Ramayana — Bala Kanda, Sarga 44, Shloka 20

गङ्गावतरण-समापनः

Conclusion of the Descent of Gaṅgā

Devanagari script

एष ते राम गङ्गाया विस्तरोऽभिहितो मया।स्वस्ति प्राप्नुहि भद्रं ते संध्याकालोऽतिवर्तते।।1.44.20।।

Transliteration

eṣa te rāma gaṅgāyā vistaro ’bhihito mayā | svasti prāpnuhi bhadraṃ te saṃdhyākālo ’tivartate || 1.44.20 ||

Translation

Hỡi Rāma, ta đã thuật cho con nghe tường tận về dòng Gaṅgā. Nguyện con được an lành; phúc lành thuộc về con—giờ hoàng hôn sandhyā đang dần trôi qua.

Word by Word

• एषः: this (account)
• एषः: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: एतद् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन; सर्वनाम-शब्द (pronoun)

• ते: to you
• ते: Sampradana (सम्प्रदान/Recipient)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: युष्मद् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: षष्ठी/चतुर्थी-एकवचन (Genitive/Dative singular) enclitic; here Dative (to you)

• राम: O Rama
• राम: Sambodhana (सम्बोधन/Address)
• Type: Noun
• Root: राम (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सम्बोधन (Vocative), एकवचन

• गङ्गायाः: of Ganga
• गङ्गायाः: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Genitive relation)
• Type: Noun
• Root: गङ्गा (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (6th/Genitive), एकवचन

• विस्तरः: detailed account
• विस्तरः: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: विस्तर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन

• अभिहितः: has been narrated
• अभिहितः: Kriya (क्रिया/Predicative)
• Type: Verb
• Root: अभि-धा (धातु) + क्त (कृदन्त)
• Form: भूतकर्मणि कृदन्त (past passive participle), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; ‘has been told/mentioned’

• मया: by me
• मया: Karana (करण/Instrument-Agent in passive)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: अस्मद् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तृतीया (3rd/Instrumental), एकवचन

• स्वस्ति: well-being; hail
• स्वस्ति: Prayojana (प्रयोजन/benediction)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: स्वस्ति (अव्यय/प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: अव्यय; आशीर्वादार्थक-निपात (benedictive particle)

• प्राप्नुहि: attain; may you obtain
• प्राप्नुहि: Kriya (क्रिया/Verb)
• Type: Verb
• Root: प्र-आप् (धातु)
• Form: लोट् (Imperative), मध्यमपुरुष (2nd person), एकवचन, परस्मैपद

• भद्रम्: prosperity; good fortune
• भद्रम्: Karma (कर्म/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: भद्र (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), एकवचन; आशीर्वादार्थे (as a blessing-object)

• ते: for you; your
• ते: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Possessor)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: युष्मद् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: षष्ठी (6th/Genitive), एकवचन enclitic

• संध्याकालः: the twilight time
• संध्याकालः: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: संध्या + काल (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष (संध्यायाः कालः)

• अतिवर्तते: is passing by
• अतिवर्तते: Kriya (क्रिया/Verb)
• Type: Verb
• Root: अति-वृत् (धातु)
• Form: लट् (Present), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन, आत्मनेपद

Context

O Rama! I have related you the story of Ganga in detail. Evening time is passing by (and we shall perform the ablutions) farewell.

Characters & Entities

• Rāma
• Gaṅgā

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma includes time-bound discipline: even sacred storytelling yields to obligatory practices like sandhyā, emphasizing regularity and respect for daily religious duties.

What is the narrative situation?

Viśvāmitra concludes his detailed narration of Gaṅgā’s descent to Rāma and notes that evening twilight observances are due.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

A teacher’s disciplined guidance—prioritizing right practice (sandhyā) alongside instruction and narrative transmission.