Ramayana — Bala Kanda, Sarga 23, Shloka 18

कामाश्रम

प्रवेशः / Entry into Kāma’s Hermitage at the Sarayū–Gaṅgā Confluence

Devanagari script

तेषां संवदतां तत्र तपोदीर्घेण चक्षुषा।विज्ञाय परमप्रीता मुनयो हर्षमागमन्।।।।

Transliteration

teṣāṃ saṃvadatāṃ tatra tapodīrgheṇa cakṣuṣā |

vijñāya paramaprītā munayo harṣam āgaman ||

Translation

Khi họ đang đàm đạo nơi ấy, các bậc hiền thánh—nhờ nhãn lực xa rộng do khổ hạnh hun đúc—nhận ra các ngài, lòng hoan hỷ vô biên liền dâng trào.

Word by Word

• तेषाम्: of them
• तेषाम्: सम्बन्ध
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (प्रातिपदिक/सर्वनाम)
• Form: षष्ठी, बहुवचन, सर्वनाम

• संवदताम्: while they were conversing
• संवदताम्: सम्बन्ध (Genitive absolute-like)
• Type: Verb
• Root: सम्- वद् (धातु)
• Form: शतृ/शानच्-प्रयोग (Present participle; here genitive plural 'of those conversing'), षष्ठी, बहुवचन

• तत्र: there
• तत्र: अधिकरण
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तत्र (अव्यय)
• Form: देशवाचक-अव्यय

• तपोदीर्घेण: far-reaching through austerity
• तपोदीर्घेण: करण (as qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: तपस् (प्रातिपदिक) + दीर्घ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तत्पुरुष (tapasā dīrgha: far-reaching due to austerity), नपुंसकलिङ्ग/पुल्लिङ्ग-प्रयोग, तृतीया, एकवचन; विशेषणम् (qualifies 'cakṣuṣā')

• चक्षुषा: with (their) vision
• चक्षुषा: करण
• Type: Noun
• Root: चक्षुस् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया, एकवचन

• विज्ञाय: having recognized
• विज्ञाय: पूर्वक्रिया
• Type: Verb
• Root: वि-ज्ञा (धातु)
• Form: क्त्वान्त-अव्यय (Gerund/Absolutive), पूर्वकालिक-क्रिया

• परमप्रीताः: highly delighted
• परमप्रीताः: कर्ता (as qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: परम (प्रातिपदिक) + प्रीत (प्रातिपदिक/कृदन्त)
• Form: कर्मधारय (parama-prīta: extremely pleased), पुल्लिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; विशेषणम् (qualifies 'munayaḥ')

• मुनयः: sages
• मुनयः: कर्ता
• Type: Noun
• Root: मुनि (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुल्लिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन

• हर्षम्: joy
• हर्षम्: कर्म
• Type: Noun
• Root: हर्ष (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुल्लिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन

• आगमन्: attained; came to
• आगमन्: क्रिया
• Type: Verb
• Root: आ-गम् (धातु)
• Form: लङ्-लकार (Imperfect/Past), प्रथमपुरुष, बहुवचन, परस्मैपद

Context

As they were conversing thus, the ascetics, with their far reaching spiritual vision (beyond the veil of time) recognised them and were immensely pleased.

Characters & Entities

• Munis (ascetics)
• Tapas (austerity-vision)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Spiritual discipline (tapas) yields clarity of perception; Dharma is supported by insight that recognizes the righteous and welcomes them.

What is the narrative situation?

The resident sages, through tapas-born vision, recognize the approaching party and feel joy.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Tapas and discernment (viveka): inner cultivation leading to right recognition and right response.