Narada Purana — Purva Bhaga, Shloka 23

Vyākaraṇa-saṅgraha: Pada–Vibhakti–Kāraka–Lakāra–Samāsa

Devanagari script

लिडतीते परोक्षे स्यात् श्वस्तने लुङ् भविष्यति । स्यादनद्यतने लृटू च भविष्यति तु धातुतः ॥ २३ ॥

Transliteration

liḍatīte parokṣe syāt śvastane luṅ bhaviṣyati | syādanadyatane lṛṭū ca bhaviṣyati tu dhātutaḥ || 23 ||

Translation

Đối với hành động thuộc quá khứ xa xăm, không được chứng kiến trực tiếp, dùng liṭ; đối với việc của ngày mai, dùng luṅ. Với tương lai không cận kề cũng vậy, dùng lṛṭ và lṛṅ—tùy theo căn động từ.

Word by Word

• liṭ: the Perfect tense-marker (liṭ)
• liṭ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: liṭ (प्रत्याहार/लकार-संज्ञा)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Singular (एकवचन); लकार-संज्ञा as technical term

• atīte: in the past
• atīte: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: atīta (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Locative (सप्तमी/7), Singular (एकवचन); adjectival use qualifying implied 'kāle' (time)

• parokṣe: in the unseen/indirect (past)
• parokṣe: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: parokṣa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Locative (सप्तमी/7), Singular (एकवचन); adjectival use qualifying implied 'kāle'

• syāt: would be/should be
• syāt: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: as (अस् धातु)
• Form: Optative (विधिलिङ्), 3rd person (प्रथमपुरुष), Singular (एकवचन); parasmaipada

• śvastane: in tomorrow (time)
• śvastane: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: śvas-tana (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Locative (सप्तमी/7), Singular (एकवचन); 'on the morrow' (tomorrow-time)

• luṅ: the Aorist tense-marker (luṅ)
• luṅ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: luṅ (प्रत्याहार/लकार-संज्ञा)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Singular (एकवचन); लकार-sañjñā

• bhaviṣyati: will be
• bhaviṣyati: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: bhū (भू धातु)
• Form: Simple Future (लृट्), 3rd person (प्रथमपुरुष), Singular (एकवचन); parasmaipada

• syāt: would be/should be
• syāt: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: as (अस् धातु)
• Form: Optative (विधिलिङ्), 3rd person (प्रथमपुरुष), Singular (एकवचन); parasmaipada

• anadyatane: in non-today (time)
• anadyatane: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: an-adyatana (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Locative (सप्तमी/7), Singular (एकवचन); 'not of today' (i.e., non-immediate time)

• lṛṭ: the Future tense-marker (lṛṭ)
• lṛṭ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: lṛṭ (प्रत्याहार/लकार-संज्ञा)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Singular (एकवचन); लकार-sañjñā

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: Conjunction (समुच्चयबोधक अव्यय)

• bhaviṣyati: will be
• bhaviṣyati: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: bhū (भू धातु)
• Form: Simple Future (लृट्), 3rd person (प्रथमपुरुष), Singular (एकवचन); parasmaipada

• tu: but/indeed
• tu: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tu (अव्यय)
• Form: Particle (निपात/अव्यय), adversative/emphatic

• dhātutaḥ: from the verbal root
• dhātutaḥ: Apādāna (अपादान)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: dhātu (धातु-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Ablative adverb (तसिल्-प्रत्ययान्त अव्यय), from 'dhātu' + -tas; sense: 'from the root'

Speaker

Sanatkumara (teaching Narada the Vedanga of Vyakarana)

Vrata Kalpa

Vrata: none

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: shanta

Secondary Rasa: none

Characters & Entities

• Narada
• Sanatkumara

FAQs

What is the spiritual significance of this verse in Narada Purana?

It elevates Vyākaraṇa (grammar) as a Vedāṅga: precision in tense and meaning protects the integrity of mantra, śāstra-study, and teaching—supporting clarity on the path of Mokṣa.

How does this verse explain the path of devotion (Bhakti)?

By insisting on correct verbal usage, it indirectly supports Bhakti practice: accurate recitation and comprehension of stotra, nāma, and scriptural statements about Bhagavān depend on grammatical discernment.

What practical Vedic knowledge (Vedanga) is highlighted here?

Vyākaraṇa: the rule-based assignment of lakāras—liṭ for unseen/remote past, luṅ for tomorrow-related usage, and lṛṭ/lṛṅ for non-immediate future—chosen in accordance with the dhātu.