Shloka 120

Adhyaya 51 — Yaksha Injunctions: Graha-Children and Female Spirits Causing Domestic and Ritual Disruptions

Sanskrit

विद्विष्टो नाशमायाति पुरुषो धर्मतोऽर्थतः ।

एकस्तु स्वगुणाँल्लोके प्रकाशयति पापकृत् ॥

Transliteration

vidviṣṭo nāśam āyāti puruṣo dharmato ’rthataḥ /

ekas tu svaguṇāṃl loke prakāśayati pāpakṛt

Translation

Người bị căm ghét sẽ đi đến suy vong—cả về dharma lẫn tài sản. Một trong hai điều ấy khiến các phẩm tính xấu (bản tánh và lỗi lầm thật) của kẻ làm ác lộ rõ trước thế gian.

Word by Word

• vidviṣṭaḥ: hated
• vidviṣṭaḥ: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण/Qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: vi-√dviṣ (धातु) + kta (कृदन्त)
• Form: Past passive participle (क्त), Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन)

• nāśam: destruction
• nāśam: Gati/Karma (गति/कर्म; goal of motion)
• Type: Noun
• Root: nāśa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन)

• āyāti: comes to; reaches
• āyāti: Kriyā (क्रिया/Verb)
• Type: Verb
• Root: ā-√yā (धातु)
• Form: Present tense (लट्), 3rd person (प्रथमपुरुष), Singular (एकवचन), Parasmaipada (परस्मैपद)

• puruṣaḥ: a man
• puruṣaḥ: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: puruṣa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन)

• dharmataḥ: in terms of dharma
• dharmataḥ: Hetu/Adhikaraṇa (हेतु/अधिकरण; adverbial)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: dharma (प्रातिपदिक) + tas (तसिल्)
• Form: Tasil-derivative adverb (तसिलन्त अव्यय): ‘from the standpoint of’

• arthataḥ: in terms of wealth/interest
• arthataḥ: Hetu/Adhikaraṇa (हेतु/अधिकरण; adverbial)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: artha (प्रातिपदिक) + tas (तसिल्)
• Form: Tasil-derivative adverb (तसिलन्त अव्यय)

• ekaḥ: one (person)
• ekaḥ: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: eka (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन)

• tu: but
• tu: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tu (अव्यय)
• Form: Particle (निपात), contrast/emphasis

• sva-guṇān: his own virtues/qualities
• sva-guṇān: Karma (कर्म/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: sva + guṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Tatpuruṣa (‘one’s own qualities’); Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Plural (बहुवचन)

• loke: in the world
• loke: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण/Location)
• Type: Noun
• Root: loka (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Locative (7th/सप्तमी), Singular (एकवचन)

• prakāśayati: makes manifest; reveals
• prakāśayati: Kriyā (क्रिया/Verb)
• Type: Verb
• Root: pra-√kāś (धातु; denominative/causative sense)
• Form: Present tense (लट्), 3rd person (प्रथमपुरुष), Singular (एकवचन), Parasmaipada (परस्मैपद)

• pāpa-kṛt: a sinner; evil-doer
• pāpa-kṛt: Karta (कर्ता/Subject; apposition to ekaḥ)
• Type: Noun
• Root: pāpa + kṛt (कृदन्त; कृ धातु → कृत्)
• Form: Tatpuruṣa (‘doer of sin’); Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन)

Speakers

• Narrative voice

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "karuna", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Reputation and moral causality
• Loss of dharma and artha
• Exposure of wrongdoing

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

Adharma is self-revealing: wrongdoing tends to become known, leading to collapse of both ethical standing (dharma) and material stability (artha).

How does this fit the Pancalakṣaṇa (5 characteristics)?

Didactic material; it supports the purāṇic function of teaching dharma rather than enumerating vaṃśa/manvantara.

What is the esoteric significance?

The 'revelation of qualities' suggests that inner saṃskāras inevitably externalize; the cosmos is portrayed as morally transparent—what is hidden ripens into visibility.