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Shloka 47

अनुशासनपर्व अध्याय ९३ — तपस्, सदोपवास, विघसाशन, अतिथिप्रियता

Austerity, regulated fasting, residual-eating, and hospitality

यथाग्नौ शान्ते घृतमाजुहोति तन्नैव देवान्‌ न पितृनुपैति । तथा दत्तं नर्तने गायने च यां चानृते दक्षिणामावृणोति

yathāgnau śānte ghṛtam ājuhoti tan naiva devān na pitṝn upaiti | tathā dattaṁ nartane gāyane ca yāṁ cānṛte dakṣiṇām āvṛṇoti ||

Bhīṣma nói: “Cũng như bơ tinh khiết (ghee) rưới làm lễ cúng vào ngọn lửa đã tắt thì chẳng đến được chư thiên, cũng chẳng đến được tổ tiên; cũng vậy, của bố thí dành cho việc múa hát, và lễ phí (dakṣiṇā) mà kẻ dối trá nhận lấy, đều trở nên vô ích. Sự cho ấy không làm người cho được thỏa lòng, cũng không thật sự lợi ích cho người nhận; trái lại, gây hại cho cả hai. Quả thật, dakṣiṇā đáng chê trách, mang tính hủy hoại ấy, còn có thể khiến các bậc tiền nhân của người cho bị rơi khỏi con đường devayāna (thiên đạo).”

यथाjust as
यथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयथा
अग्नौin the fire
अग्नौ:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootअग्नि
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
शान्तेwhen (it is) extinguished/quieted
शान्ते:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootशान्त
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
घृतम्ghee
घृतम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootघृत
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
आजुहोतिoffers (into the fire)
आजुहोति:
TypeVerb
Rootहु
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
तत्that (offering)
तत्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
एवindeed/at all
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
देवान्the gods
देवान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootदेव
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
nor/not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
पितॄन्the ancestors (pitṛs)
पितॄन्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootपितृ
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
उपैतिreaches/attains
उपैति:
TypeVerb
Root
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
तथाso/in the same way
तथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा
दत्तम्given (gift)
दत्तम्:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootदत्त
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
नर्तनेin/for dancing
नर्तने:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootनर्तन
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
गायनेin/for singing
गायने:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootगायन
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
याम्which (fee/gift)
याम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अनृतेin falsehood/for a lie
अनृते:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootअनृत
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
दक्षिणाम्fee/gift (dakṣiṇā)
दक्षिणाम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootदक्षिणा
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
आवृणोतिchooses/accepts (as a fee)
आवृणोति:
TypeVerb
Rootवृ
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
A
Agni (fire)
G
Ghṛta (ghee)
D
Devas (gods)
P
Pitṛs (ancestors)
D
Dakṣiṇā (sacrificial fee/gift)
N
Nartaka (dancer)
G
Gāyaka (singer)

Educational Q&A

A gift must be given in a proper context and to a worthy recipient; otherwise it becomes spiritually ineffective—like an offering poured into an extinguished fire—and can even generate harm for both giver and receiver, affecting ancestral welfare as well.

In Bhīṣma’s instruction on dharma (especially dāna and dakṣiṇā), he uses a ritual analogy: an oblation in a dead fire reaches neither gods nor ancestors; similarly, gifts directed to improper purposes or accepted by untruthful/unfit recipients are condemned as barren and destructive.