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Shloka 23

अनुशासनपर्व अध्याय ९३ — तपस्, सदोपवास, विघसाशन, अतिथिप्रियता

Austerity, regulated fasting, residual-eating, and hospitality

अपांक्तो यावतः पांक्तान्‌ भुज्जानाननुपश्यति । तावत्फलाद भ्रंशयति दातारं तस्य बालिशम्‌

apāṅkto yāvataḥ pāṅktān bhuñjānān anupaśyati | tāvatphalād bhraṁśayati dātāraṁ tasya bāliśam ||

Bhīṣma nói: Chừng nào kẻ bất xứng (apāṅkta) còn nhìn vào hàng những Bà-la-môn xứng đáng đang thọ thực đúng hàng (pāṅkta), thì chừng ấy hắn làm cho người bố thí dại dột bị mất công đức tương ứng với bấy nhiêu người thọ nhận. Lời dạy là: người bố thí phải giữ sự thanh tịnh của hàng thọ thực; để “kẻ làm ô uế hàng” xen vào, dù chỉ đứng nhìn giám sát nghi lễ, cũng làm suy tổn quả báo đạo đức và nghi lễ của sự bố thí.

अपाङ्क्तःone who is outside the (proper) row; a row-defiler
अपाङ्क्तः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootअपाङ्क्त
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
यावतःas many as
यावतः:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootयावत्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
पाङ्क्तान्those fit to sit in the row (properly row-eligible)
पाङ्क्तान्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootपाङ्क्त
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
भुञ्जानान्eating, partaking (of food)
भुञ्जानान्:
Karma
TypeVerb
Rootभुज्
FormPresent active participle (शतृ), Masculine, Accusative, Plural
अनुपश्यतिsees, observes
अनुपश्यति:
Kriya
TypeVerb
Rootअनु + दृश्
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
तावत्so much; to that extent
तावत्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतावत्
फलात्from (the) fruit/result (of the gift)
फलात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootफल
FormNeuter, Ablative, Singular
भ्रंशयतिcauses to fall away; deprives
भ्रंशयति:
Kriya
TypeVerb
Rootभ्रंश्
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada, Causative (णिच्)
दातारम्the giver/donor
दातारम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootदातृ
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
तस्यof him; his
तस्य:
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Singular
बालिशम्foolish, simple-minded
बालिशम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootबालिश
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma
D
donor (dātā)
Q
qualified Brāhmaṇas in the dining row (pāṅktāḥ)
U
unqualified person / paṅkti-dūṣaka (apāṅktaḥ)

Educational Q&A

Charity and ritual feeding yield merit only when performed with discernment and proper boundaries; permitting an unqualified ‘line-defiler’ to intrude upon or oversee the feeding can nullify the donor’s merit in proportion to the number of rightful diners affected.

Bhīṣma instructs Yudhiṣṭhira on the ethics of dāna and śrāddha-style feeding: he warns that if an apāṅkta person observes the properly seated Brāhmaṇas while they eat, the donor—through negligence—loses the corresponding merit of that act.