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Shloka 22

अनुशासनपर्व अध्याय ९३ — तपस्, सदोपवास, विघसाशन, अतिथिप्रियता

Austerity, regulated fasting, residual-eating, and hospitality

तिलैरविरहितं श्राद्ध कृतं क्रोधवशेन च । यातुधाना: पिशाचाश्न विप्रलुम्पन्ति तद्धवि:

tilair avirahitaṁ śrāddhaṁ kṛtaṁ krodhavaśena ca | yātudhānāḥ piśācāś ca vipralumpanti tad dhaviḥ ||

Bhīṣma nói: Lễ śrāddha nếu làm mà không có hạt mè (tilā), hoặc làm trong cơn giận dữ, thì không đạt đến mục đích thiêng liêng như đã định; lễ vật (havis) ấy bị các loài ác linh—yātudhāna và piśāca—cướp đoạt và làm ô uế. Lời dạy là: nghi lễ cúng tổ tiên phải được cử hành với đúng vật phẩm, và hơn hết là với tâm ý điềm tĩnh, cung kính, chứ không phải trong thù hằn hay xao động.

तिलैःwith sesame seeds
तिलैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootतिल
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
अविरहितम्not devoid (i.e., not lacking)
अविरहितम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootअविरहित
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
श्राद्धम्Śrāddha rite
श्राद्धम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootश्राद्ध
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
कृतम्done/performed
कृतम्:
TypeVerb
Rootकृ
Formक्त (past passive participle), Neuter, Nominative, Singular, Passive (PPP)
क्रोधवशेनunder the sway of anger
क्रोधवशेन:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootक्रोधवश
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
and/also
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
यातुधानाःyātudhānas (demons)
यातुधानाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootयातुधान
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
पिशाचाःpiśācas (ghouls)
पिशाचाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपिशाच
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
हविःthe oblation (havis)
हविः:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootहविस्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
तत्that (i.e., that oblation)
तत्:
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
विप्रलुम्पन्तिthey steal away/destroy
विप्रलुम्पन्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootलुप् (वि+प्र)
FormPresent, Indicative, Third, Plural, Parasmaipada

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
Ś
śrāddha
T
tila (sesame seeds)
H
havis (oblation)
Y
yātudhāna
P
piśāca

Educational Q&A

Śrāddha should be performed with the prescribed elements (notably tila) and with inner composure. If done carelessly—especially in anger—the rite becomes vulnerable to obstruction and is considered fruitless, symbolically described as the offering being taken by yātudhānas and piśācas.

In the Anuśāsana Parva’s instruction on dharma, Bhīṣma teaches Yudhiṣṭhira the proper conduct of śrāddha. Here he warns that omissions (like lack of sesame) and a disturbed mental state (anger) undermine the rite, portrayed as malevolent beings spoiling the havis.