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Shloka 9

Śrāddha-pravṛtti-kathana and Varjya-dravya-nirdeśa

Origin and Prohibitions in Śrāddha

एष्टव्या बहव: पुत्रा यद्येको5पि गयां व्रजेत्‌ । यत्रासौ प्रथितो लोकेष्वक्षय्यकरणो वट:

eṣṭavyā bahavaḥ putrā yady eko 'pi gayāṃ vrajet | yatrāsau prathito lokeṣv akṣayyīkaraṇo vaṭaḥ ||

Bhishma nói: Nên mong có nhiều con trai, vì dù chỉ một người trong số họ hành hương đến Gayā—nơi cây Akṣayavaṭa lừng danh khắp thế gian đứng đó, được truyền tụng là làm cho quả phúc của śrāddha trở nên bất hoại—thì cũng có thể đem lại lợi ích bền lâu cho tổ tiên. Vì vậy, con cháu được ca ngợi không chỉ để nối dõi, mà còn vì khả năng gìn giữ nghi lễ tổ tiên và ban phúc đức trường tồn.

एष्टव्याःto be desired / should be wished for
एष्टव्याः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootएष्टव्य (√इष्)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
बहवःmany
बहवः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootबहु
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
पुत्राःsons
पुत्राः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपुत्र
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
यदिif
यदि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयदि
एकःone
एकः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootएक
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अपिeven / also
अपि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि
गयाम्to Gayā (the sacred place)
गयाम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootगया
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
व्रजेत्should go
व्रजेत्:
TypeVerb
Root√व्रज्
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular
यत्रwhere
यत्र:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयत्र
असौthat (well-known one)
असौ:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootअसौ (तद्-प्रत्ययिक सर्वनाम)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
प्रथितःrenowned / famous
प्रथितः:
TypeAdjective
Rootप्रथित (√प्रथ्)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
लोकेषुin the worlds / among people
लोकेषु:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootलोक
FormMasculine, Locative, Plural
अक्षय्यकरणःmaking (the fruit) imperishable
अक्षय्यकरणः:
TypeAdjective
Rootअक्षय्य-करण
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
वटःbanyan tree
वटः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootवट
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
G
Gayā
A
Akṣayavaṭa (banyan tree)

Educational Q&A

The verse teaches the dharmic value of progeny in the context of pitṛdharma: even a single son who undertakes pilgrimage to Gayā and performs rites connected with Akṣayavaṭa can secure enduring, ‘imperishable’ benefit from śrāddha for the ancestors. Progeny is thus framed as a means of sustaining ancestral obligations and long-term merit.

In Anuśāsana Parva, Bhīṣma instructs Yudhiṣṭhira on dharma, including duties toward ancestors. Here he highlights the famed Gayā-tīrtha and its Akṣayavaṭa, emphasizing that pilgrimage and śrāddha performed there are believed to yield inexhaustible results, and therefore having sons is praised because they can carry out such rites.