Shloka 9

Pitṛ-śrāddha-haviḥ-phala-nirdeśa

Offerings for Ancestors and Their Stated Results

Devanagari script

तद्‌ वै सर्वानतिक्रम्य देवदानवराक्षसान्‌ | मानुषानथ गन्धर्वान्‌ नागानथ च पक्षिण:

Transliteration

tad vai sarvān atikramya devadānavarākṣasān | mānuṣān atha gandharvān nāgān atha ca pakṣiṇaḥ ||

Translation

Bhīṣma nói: “Người ấy sẽ vượt trội tất cả—chư thiên, Dānavas, Rākṣasas, loài người, Gandharvas, Nāgas, và cả chim muông—rồi bằng uy lực không sai chạy của các thần khí, sẽ giết Asura kia, kẻ đã khiến các ngươi sinh sợ hãi. Và những kẻ thù khác của chư thiên, người ấy cũng sẽ tiêu diệt.”

Word by Word

• तत्: that (one/thing)
• तत्: Karma
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद्
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Singular

• वै: indeed
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: वै

• सर्वान्: all
• सर्वान्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सर्व
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Plural

• अतिक्रम्य: having overstepped/passed beyond
• Type: Verb
• Root: अति-क्रम्
• Form: क्त्वा (absolutive/gerund)

• देव: gods
• देव: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: देव
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Plural

• दानव: Dānavas (demons)
• दानव: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: दानव
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Plural

• राक्षसान्: Rākṣasas
• राक्षसान्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: राक्षस
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Plural

• मानुषान्: humans
• मानुषान्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: मानुष
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Plural

• अथ: and then/also
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अथ

• गन्धर्वान्: Gandharvas
• गन्धर्वान्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: गन्धर्व
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Plural

• नागान्: Nāgas (serpents)
• नागान्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: नाग
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Plural

• अथ: and also
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अथ

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• पक्षिणः: birds
• पक्षिणः: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: पक्षिन्
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Plural

Speaker

भीष्म उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Bhishma
• Devas
• Danavas
• Rakshasas
• Humans
• Gandharvas
• Nagas
• Birds
• Asura (unnamed)
• Divine weapons (astra-shakti; implied)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse emphasizes reassurance through righteous protection: a divinely empowered agent will transcend all classes of beings and remove the source of fear by destroying forces hostile to cosmic order (deva-śatru), implying that adharma is ultimately checked by dharmic power.

What is happening in the narrative?

Bhishma is describing a powerful figure who will overcome every category of being—gods, demons, humans, and others—and will kill the particular Asura causing fear, along with other enemies of the gods.