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Shloka 4

Phala of Vrata, Niyama, Svādhyāya, Dama, Satya, Brahmacarya, and Service (व्रत-नियम-स्वाध्याय-दम-सत्य-ब्रह्मचर्य-शुश्रूषा-फलप्रश्नः)

समाप्ते नियमे तस्मिन्‌ महर्षि: पुत्रमब्रवीत्‌ | उपस्पर्शनसक्तस्य स्वाध्यायाभिरतस्य च

bhīṣma uvāca | samāpte niyame tasmin maharṣiḥ putram abravīt | upasparśana-saktasya svādhyāyābhiratasya ca |

Bhīṣma nói: “Khi thời kỳ giữ giới ấy đã mãn, đại hiền triết bảo con: ‘Con ta, lúc ta chuyên tâm tẩy tịnh theo nghi lễ và mải miết trong việc tự tụng học Veda (svādhyāya), ta đã gom củi tế, cỏ kuśa, hoa, một bình nước và lương thực dồi dào, rồi đặt trên bờ sông. Sau đó ta quên hết những thứ ấy mà đi về đây. Nay con hãy ra bờ sông và mang toàn bộ số ấy về đây.’”

समाप्तेwhen (it was) completed
समाप्ते:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootसमाप्त (सम्+आप्+क्त)
FormMasculine/Neuter, Locative, Singular
नियमेin the observance/vow
नियमे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootनियम
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
तस्मिन्in that
तस्मिन्:
Adhikarana
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
महर्षिःthe great sage
महर्षिः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमहर्षि
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
पुत्रम्son
पुत्रम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootपुत्र
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
अब्रवीत्said/spoke
अब्रवीत्:
TypeVerb
Rootब्रू
FormImperfect (Laṅ), 3rd, Singular
उपस्पर्शनसक्तस्यof one attached to ablution/touching (ritual washing)
उपस्पर्शनसक्तस्य:
TypeAdjective
Rootउपस्पर्शन-सक्त
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Singular
स्वाध्यायाभिरतस्यof one devoted to self-study/recitation
स्वाध्यायाभिरतस्य:
TypeAdjective
Rootस्वाध्याय-अभिरत
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma
A
a Maharshi (great sage)
T
the sage's son
R
riverbank
S
samidhā (fuel-sticks)
K
kuśa grass
F
flowers
W
water-pot (ghaṭa/kalaśa)
F
food/provisions (fruits etc.)
S
svādhyāya (Vedic recitation)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights disciplined observance (niyama) and the primacy of sacred duties like purification and Vedic recitation, while also showing that practical responsibilities remain—one must complete what has been arranged for a rite, often through orderly delegation and obedience within the family/āśrama setting.

After completing a religious observance, a sage tells his son that he had placed ritual materials and provisions on the riverbank before bathing and reciting the Veda, but then forgot them and left; he instructs the son to go to the riverbank and bring the items back.