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Shloka 22

Adhyāya 64: Dāna-prakāra—Suvarṇa, Pānīya-dāna, Ghṛta-dāna, and Upakaraṇa-dāna

Utility Gifts

यच्चादाय तदाज्ञप्तं भीत॑ं दत्तं सुदारुणम्‌ । यजेदू्‌ राजा न तं॑ यज्ञ प्रशंसन्त्यस्य साधव:

yac cādāya tadājñaptaṁ bhītaṁ dattaṁ sudāruṇam | yajed rājā na taṁ yajñaṁ praśaṁsanty asya sādhavaḥ ||

Bhīṣma nói: Nếu một vị vua sau khi chiếm đoạt của cải, lại ra lệnh đem nộp—của cải bị vơ vét bằng nỗi sợ và sự cưỡng bức tàn nhẫn—rồi dùng số ấy để cử hành tế lễ, thì người hiền thiện không tán dương lễ tế của ông ta. Nghi lễ mang danh yajña mà được nuôi bằng sự đe dọa và cướp bóc thần dân thì về đạo đức đã bị hoen ố, không được người tốt chấp nhận.

यत्that which
यत्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
आदायhaving taken
आदाय:
TypeVerb
Rootआ-दा
FormLyap (absolutive/gerund), Parasmaipada (usage)
तत्that
तत्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
आज्ञप्तम्ordered/commanded
आज्ञप्तम्:
TypeVerb
Rootआ-ज्ञप्
FormKta (past passive participle), Neuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
भीतम्frightened; under fear
भीतम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootभी
FormKta (PPP used adjectivally), Neuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
दत्तम्given
दत्तम्:
TypeVerb
Rootदा
FormKta (past passive participle), Neuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
सुदारुणम्very cruel/most harsh
सुदारुणम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootसुदारुण
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
यजेत्should sacrifice; should perform a yajña
यजेत्:
TypeVerb
Rootयज्
FormVidhi-lin (optative), Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
राजाthe king
राजा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
तम्that (yajña)/it
तम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
यज्ञम्sacrifice; yajña
यज्ञम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootयज्ञ
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
प्रशंसन्तिpraise
प्रशंसन्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootप्र-शंस्
FormLat (present), Third, Plural, Parasmaipada
अस्यof him/of this (king)
अस्य:
TypePronoun
Rootइदम्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Singular
साधवःgood/virtuous men
साधवः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसाधु
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
R
rājā (king)
Y
yajña (sacrifice)
S
sādhavaḥ (the righteous)

Educational Q&A

A sacrifice is judged not only by ritual correctness but by the moral purity of its means: yajña financed through fear, coercion, or plunder of subjects is not praised by the righteous.

Bhīṣma instructs on royal dharma, criticizing kings who collect wealth harshly in the name of conducting sacrifices and then use that coerced wealth for ritual display; such yajñas lack true merit.