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Shloka 19

दैव–पुरुषकार-प्रश्नः

Daiva–Puruṣakāra Inquiry: Fate and Human Effort

स्वं चेत्‌ कर्मफलं न स्यात्‌ सर्वमेवाफलं भवेत्‌ । लोको दैवं समालक्ष्य उदासीनो भवेन्ननु

svaṁ cet karmaphalaṁ na syāt sarvam evāphalaṁ bhavet | loko daivaṁ samālakṣya udāsīno bhaven nanu ||

Bhīṣma nói: “Nếu hành động của mỗi người không sinh ra kết quả xứng đáng của nó, thì mọi hành động đều trở nên vô ích. Chỉ nhìn số mệnh (daiva) như kẻ quyết định, con người ắt sẽ sinh tâm thờ ơ và thôi không còn nỗ lực có chủ đích.”

स्वम्one's own
स्वम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootस्व
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
चेत्if
चेत्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootचेत्
कर्मफलम्fruit/result of action
कर्मफलम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootकर्मफल
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
स्यात्would be
स्यात्:
TypeVerb
Rootअस्
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
सर्वम्all (of it)
सर्वम्:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootसर्व
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
एवindeed/just
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
अफलम्fruitless
अफलम्:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootअफल
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
भवेत्would become
भवेत्:
TypeVerb
Rootभू
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
लोकःpeople/the world
लोकः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootलोक
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
दैवम्fate/divine dispensation
दैवम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootदैव
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
समालक्ष्यhaving regarded/considered
समालक्ष्य:
TypeVerb
Rootसम्-आ-लक्ष्
FormAbsolutive (Tumun/lyap), ल्यप् (सम्+आ+लक्ष् + य)
उदासीनःindifferent/apathetic
उदासीनः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootउदासीन
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
भवेत्would become
भवेत्:
TypeVerb
Rootभू
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
ननुindeed/then (rhetorical particle)
ननु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootननु

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma
L
loka (people/the world)
D
daiva (fate/destiny)

Educational Q&A

Bhishma argues that moral and practical life depends on the meaningfulness of action: if actions did not produce results, society would collapse into passivity, with people blaming fate and abandoning responsible effort. The verse supports the ethical necessity of karma-phala (action having consequences) and warns against fatalism.

In the Anushasana Parva’s instruction setting, Bhishma continues his didactic discourse on dharma. Here he makes a reasoning-based point: denying the efficacy of one’s own action would render all endeavors pointless and make people indifferent, since they would look only to destiny.