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Shloka 41

Cyavana’s Water-Vow and the Ethics of Cohabitation (स्नेह-सम्वास-धर्मः)

विहितं दृश्यते राजन्‌ सागरान्तां च मेदिनीम्‌ | क्षत्रियो हि स्वधर्मेण श्रियं प्राप्रोति भूयसीम्‌ । राजा दण्डधरो राजन रक्षा नान्यत्र क्षत्रियात्‌

vihitaṃ dṛśyate rājan sāgarāntāṃ ca medinīm | kṣatriyo hi svadharmeṇa śriyaṃ prāpnoti bhūyasīm | rājā daṇḍadharo rājan rakṣā nānyatra kṣatriyāt | rājā yudhiṣṭhira |

Bhīṣma nói: “Tâu Đại vương, trong śāstra đã định rằng quyền cai trị mặt đất cho đến tận biển bao quanh được dành cho Kṣatriya. Quả thật, nhờ giữ đúng dharma của mình, Kṣatriya đạt được phú quý và vinh quang lớn lao. Tâu Đại vương, người trị vì là kẻ nắm giữ cây gậy trừng phạt (daṇḍa); sự bảo hộ không thể có từ bất cứ nơi nào khác ngoài Kṣatriya—hỡi vua Yudhiṣṭhira.”

विहितम्ordained, prescribed
विहितम्:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootविहित (वि+धा धातु, क्त)
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
दृश्यतेis seen, is found
दृश्यते:
TypeVerb
Rootदृश्
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Atmanepada, Passive/Reflexive (भावे/कर्मणि प्रयोग)
राजन्O king
राजन्:
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
सागरान्ताम्ending at the ocean, ocean-bounded
सागरान्ताम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootसागरान्त (सागर + अन्त)
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
मेदिनीम्the earth
मेदिनीम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootमेदिनी
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
क्षत्रियःa Kshatriya
क्षत्रियः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootक्षत्रिय
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
हिindeed, for
हि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootहि
स्वधर्मेणby/through one’s own duty
स्वधर्मेण:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootस्वधर्म (स्व + धर्म)
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
श्रियम्prosperity, fortune
श्रियम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootश्री
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
प्राप्नोतिattains, obtains
प्राप्नोति:
TypeVerb
Rootप्र+आप्
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
भूयसीम्greater, more abundant
भूयसीम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootभूयस् (comparative of बहु)
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
राजाthe king
राजा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
दण्डधरःbearing the staff/punishment (wielder of authority)
दण्डधरः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootदण्डधर (दण्ड + धर)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
राजन्O king
राजन्:
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
रक्षाprotection
रक्षा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootरक्षा
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अन्यत्रelsewhere, from another (source)
अन्यत्र:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअन्यत्र
क्षत्रियात्than/from a Kshatriya
क्षत्रियात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootक्षत्रिय
FormMasculine, Ablative, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
Y
Yudhiṣṭhira
K
Kṣatriya
M
medinī (the earth)
S
sāgara (ocean)
D
daṇḍa (rod of punishment/royal authority)
Ś
Śrī/Lakṣmī (royal fortune/prosperity)

Educational Q&A

Bhīṣma teaches that political authority, prosperity, and especially the duty of protection are śāstrically assigned to the Kṣatriya; the king must wield daṇḍa (lawful punishment) to secure order and safety.

In his instruction to King Yudhiṣṭhira on rājadharma, Bhīṣma emphasizes the Kṣatriya’s role as ruler and protector, asserting that security and governance depend on the king’s disciplined use of authority.