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Mahabharata — Anushasana Parva, Shloka 15

Cyavana’s Water-Vow and the Ethics of Cohabitation (स्नेह-सम्वास-धर्मः)

शूद्रायां ब्राह्म॒णाज्जातो नित्यादेयधन: स्मृतः । अल्पं चापि प्रदातव्यं शूद्रापुत्राय भारत

śūdrāyāṁ brāhmaṇāj jāto nityādeyadhanaḥ smṛtaḥ | alpaṁ cāpi pradātavyaṁ śūdrāputrāya bhārata ||

Bhīṣma nói: “Người con do một Brāhmaṇa sinh với phụ nữ Śūdra, theo truyền thống, bị xem là kẻ có tài sản thuộc diện ‘bị thu lấy theo nghĩa vụ’ (tức không được bảo hộ trọn vẹn bởi quyền sở hữu như thường lệ). Và, hỡi Bhārata, ngay cả đối với con trai của Śūdra cũng chỉ nên ban cho một tặng vật nhỏ.”

शूद्रायाम्in a Shudra woman
शूद्रायाम्:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootशूद्रा
FormFeminine, Locative, Singular
ब्राह्मणात्from a Brahmin (man)
ब्राह्मणात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootब्राह्मण
FormMasculine, Ablative, Singular
जातःborn
जातः:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootजन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
नित्यalways/regularly (as a qualifier)
नित्य:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootनित्य
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
आदेयधनःone whose wealth is to be taken/liable to confiscation
आदेयधनः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootआदेयधन
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
स्मृतःis considered/declared
स्मृतः:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootस्मृ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अल्पम्a little (amount)
अल्पम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootअल्प
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अपिeven/also
अपि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि
प्रदातव्यम्is to be given/should be given
प्रदातव्यम्:
TypeVerb
Rootप्र-दा
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
शूद्रापुत्रायto the son of a Shudra woman
शूद्रापुत्राय:
Sampradana
TypeNoun
Rootशूद्रापुत्र
FormMasculine, Dative, Singular
भारतO Bharata
भारत:
TypeNoun
Rootभारत
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
B
Bhārata (Yudhiṣṭhira)
B
Brāhmaṇa
Ś
Śūdra
W
wealth (dhana)

Educational Q&A

The verse states a traditional normative rule about social status affecting property rights and the scale of gifts: a son born of a Brāhmaṇa by a Śūdra woman is described as having wealth that is ‘always liable to be taken/levied,’ and gifts to a Śūdra’s son are advised to be small—reflecting a hierarchy-based dharma framework in this section on conduct and giving.

In Anuśāsana Parva, Bhīṣma instructs Yudhiṣṭhira on dharma, including rules concerning dāna (gift-giving) and social regulations. Here he articulates a prescriptive tradition about how gifts and property are to be treated in relation to varṇa and birth.