Shloka 30

Brāhmaṇa-mahattva and Atithi-Dharma

Brahmagītā: Praise of Brāhmaṇas and norms of honor

Devanagari script

ततः सेन्द्रास्त्रयो लोकास्तं नरेन्द्रमुपस्थिता: । भेयश्वाकाशगैस्तत्र वादिता देवदुन्दुभि:

Transliteration

tataḥ sendrās trayo lokās taṃ narendram upasthitāḥ | bheyaśvākāśagais tatra vāditā devadundubhiḥ ||

Translation

Bấy giờ, ba cõi—cùng với Đế Thích (Indra) và chư thiên—đều đến đứng trước mặt nhà vua. Một số thần linh vẫn ở trên không trung, đánh trống trời để chúc mừng, như dấu ấn của thiên giới tán dương công đức và hạnh nghiệp chính trực của bậc quân vương.

Word by Word

• ततः: then/thereupon
• ततः: Adhikarana
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ततः (तद्-प्रातिपदिकात् अव्यय)
• Form: Avyaya

• स-इन्द्राः: together with Indra
• स-इन्द्राः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: इन्द्र (प्रातिपदिक) + स (उपसर्ग/अव्ययार्थक-पूर्वपद)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• त्रयः: three
• त्रयः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: त्रि (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• लोकाः: worlds/realms
• लोकाः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: लोक (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• तम्: him/that (person)
• तम्: Karma
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• नर-इन्द्रम्: king (lord of men)
• नर-इन्द्रम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: नर (प्रातिपदिक) + इन्द्र (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• उपस्थिताः: having approached / present
• उपस्थिताः: Karta
• Type: Verb
• Root: उप-स्था (धातु) → उपस्थित (क्त-प्रत्यय)
• Form: Past participle (kta), Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• भेर्यः: kettledrums/drums
• भेर्यः: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: भेरी (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Feminine, Nominative, Plural

• आकाश-गैः: by those who were in the sky
• आकाश-गैः: Karana
• Type: Adjective
• Root: आकाश (प्रातिपदिक) + ग (गम्-धातु से क्तिन्/अच्-प्रत्ययान्त विशेषण-प्रातिपदिक 'ग')
• Form: Masculine, Instrumental, Plural

• तत्र: there
• तत्र: Adhikarana
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तत्र (अव्यय)
• Form: Avyaya

• वादिताः: were sounded/played
• वादिताः: Karma
• Type: Verb
• Root: वाद् (धातु) → वादित (णिच्/प्रेरणार्थक-प्रयोगे क्त-प्रत्यय)
• Form: Past participle (kta), Feminine, Nominative, Plural (agreeing with भेर्यः)

• देव-दुन्दुभिः: with divine drums
• देव-दुन्दुभिः: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: देव (प्रातिपदिक) + दुन्दुभि (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Feminine, Instrumental, Plural

Speaker

श्येन उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Indra
• the three worlds (trailokya)
• narendra (the king)
• deva-dundubhi (divine drums)
• celestial beings in the sky (ākāśagāḥ devāḥ)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

Righteous kingship and accumulated merit are portrayed as drawing recognition from the cosmos itself: when a ruler upholds dharma, even the gods symbolically affirm it through auspicious signs such as celestial drums.

What is happening in the narrative?

After the king’s exemplary conduct, beings of the three worlds—led by Indra—approach him, while some gods remain in the sky and beat divine drums, indicating celebration and heavenly endorsement.