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Shloka 71

तीर्थवंशोपदेशः

Tīrtha-vaṃśa Upadeśa: Instruction on the Fruits of Sacred Waters

पर्यश्षन्ति च ये दारानग्निभृत्यातिथींस्तथा । उत्सन्नपितृदेवेज्यास्ते वै निरयगामिन:

paryaśnanti ca ye dārān agnibhṛtyātithīṁs tathā | utsannapitṛdevejyās te vai nirayagāminaḥ ||

Bhishma nói: Kẻ ăn uống mà bỏ mặc những người nương tựa mình—vợ con và gia quyến—không dâng cúng vào lửa thiêng trước, không cho đầy tớ và khách khứa ăn, lại còn từ bỏ việc tế tự dành cho tổ tiên và chư thần, ắt hẳn bị trói buộc vào địa ngục. Lời dạy nhấn mạnh rằng sự hưởng thụ riêng trở thành tội lỗi khi phớt lờ bổn phận nghi lễ và nghĩa vụ xã hội về hiếu khách và chăm nom.

पर्यश्नन्तिeat (for themselves), partake
पर्यश्नन्ति:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootपरि + अश् (अश्नाति)
FormLat (present), 3rd, plural, Parasmaipada
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
येwho (those who)
ये:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
Formmasculine, nominative, plural
दारान्wife/wives (household dependents)
दारान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootदार (दारा:)
Formmasculine, accusative, plural
अग्निfire (sacred fire)
अग्नि:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootअग्नि
Formmasculine, accusative, singular
भृत्यान्servants/dependents
भृत्यान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootभृत्य
Formmasculine, accusative, plural
अतिथीन्guests
अतिथीन्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootअतिथि
Formmasculine, accusative, plural
तथाlikewise, also
तथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा
उत्सन्नlapsed, neglected, abandoned
उत्सन्न:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootउत् + सद् (ppp: उत्सन्न)
Formmasculine, nominative, plural
पितृदेवेज्याःofferings/worship of Pitṛs and gods
पितृदेवेज्याः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपितृ-देव-इज्या
Formfeminine, nominative, plural
तेthey
ते:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
Formmasculine, nominative, plural
वैindeed, surely
वै:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवै
निरयगामिनःhell-going, destined for hell
निरयगामिनः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootनिरय-गामिन्
Formmasculine, nominative, plural

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma
A
Agni (sacred fire)
A
Atithi (guest)
B
Bhṛtya (servants/dependents)
P
Pitṛs (ancestors)
D
Devas (gods)
N
Niraya (hell)

Educational Q&A

A householder must not eat selfishly: food should be preceded by offerings (to the sacred fire, gods, and ancestors) and by feeding those entitled to care—guests and dependents. Neglecting these duties turns eating into adharma and leads to grave demerit.

In the Anushasana Parva, Bhishma instructs Yudhishthira on dharma. Here he warns about the moral and ritual consequences for householders who abandon ancestral/divine worship and fail to feed guests and dependents before taking their own meal.