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Shloka 3

अहिंसयित्वा ब्रह्महत्याविधानम् / Brahmahatyā incurred without physical violence

युधिछिर उवाच श्रद्धया परया पूतो यः प्रयच्छेद्‌ द्विजातये । हव्यं कव्यं तथा दानं को दोष: स्यात्‌ पितामह

yudhiṣṭhira uvāca

śraddhayā parayā pūto yaḥ prayacched dvijātaye |

havyaṃ kavyaṃ tathā dānaṃ ko doṣaḥ syāt pitāmaha ||

Yudhiṣṭhira nói: “Thưa ông nội, nếu một người—được thanh tịnh chỉ nhờ lòng tín thành tối thượng—dâng cho bậc nhị sinh (một brāhmaṇa) các lễ vật dành cho chư thiên (havya), lễ vật dành cho tổ tiên (kavya) và những bố thí khác, thì do thiếu các hình thức thanh tịnh nghi lễ khác, người ấy còn mắc lỗi gì chăng?”

युधिष्ठिरःYudhiṣṭhira
युधिष्ठिरः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootयुधिष्ठिर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
श्रद्धयाby faith
श्रद्धया:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootश्रद्धा
FormFeminine, Instrumental, Singular
परयाsupreme/excellent
परया:
Karana
TypeAdjective
Rootपरा
FormFeminine, Instrumental, Singular
पूतःpurified
पूतः:
TypeAdjective
Rootपू (पूञ्) + त (क्त)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
यःwho
यः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
प्रयच्छेत्should give
प्रयच्छेत्:
TypeVerb
Rootप्र + यम्
FormOptative, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
द्विजातयेto a twice-born (Brahmin)
द्विजातये:
Sampradana
TypeNoun
Rootद्विजाति
FormMasculine, Dative, Singular
हव्यम्havis-offering (for gods)
हव्यम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootहव्य
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
कव्यम्kavya-offering (for ancestors)
कव्यम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootकव्य
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
तथाand also/likewise
तथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा
दानम्gift/charity
दानम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootदान
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
कःwhat (which)
कः:
TypePronoun
Rootकिम्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
दोषःfault/defect
दोषः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootदोष
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
स्यात्would be
स्यात्:
TypeVerb
Rootअस्
FormOptative, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
पितामहO grandsire (Bhīṣma)
पितामह:
TypeNoun
Rootपितामह
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular

युधिछिर उवाच

Y
Yudhiṣṭhira
B
Bhīṣma (Pitāmaha)
D
dvijāti (brāhmaṇa recipient)
H
havya (deva-offering)
K
kavya (pitṛ-offering)
D
dāna (gift/charity)

Educational Q&A

The verse frames a dharma-question: whether inner purity through supreme faith (śraddhā) is sufficient to sanctify acts of giving—especially sacred offerings to gods and ancestors—or whether lack of external/ritual purity still produces a moral or ritual fault.

In the Anuśāsana Parva’s instruction on dharma, Yudhiṣṭhira addresses Bhīṣma as ‘Grandfather’ and asks him to judge the status of a donor who gives havya, kavya, and other gifts to a brāhmaṇa relying primarily on faith, seeking clarification about any remaining दोष (defect) due to other impurities.