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Shloka 2

अहिंसयित्वा ब्रह्महत्याविधानम् / Brahmahatyā incurred without physical violence

भीष्म उवाच स्ववृत्तिमभिपन्नाय लिज़्िने चेतराय च । देयमाहुर्महाराज उभावेतौ तपस्विनौ

bhīṣma uvāca | svavṛttim abhipannāya liṅgine cetarāya ca | deyam āhur mahārāja ubhāv etau tapasvinau ||

Bhīṣma nói: “Tâu đại vương, người ta tuyên rằng nên bố thí cho cả hai: một Brāhmaṇa nương theo phương cách mưu sinh chính đáng của mình để gìn giữ mạng sống—dù mang dấu hiệu khổ hạnh hay không. Vì cả hai, nương tựa nơi bổn phận của mình, đều được xem là người tu khổ hạnh và xứng đáng thọ nhận bố thí.”

भीष्मःBhishma
भीष्मः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootभीष्म
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect (Paroksha-bhuta), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
स्ववृत्तिम्one's own (prescribed) livelihood/means of subsistence
स्ववृत्तिम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootस्ववृत्ति
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
अभिपन्नायto one who has resorted to/undertaken
अभिपन्नाय:
Sampradana
TypeAdjective
Rootअभि-√पद्
FormMasculine, Dative, Singular, Past passive participle (क्त)
लिङ्गिनेto one bearing a mark/sign (ascetic insignia)
लिङ्गिने:
Sampradana
TypeNoun
Rootलिङ्गिन्
FormMasculine, Dative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
इतरायto the other (one)
इतराय:
Sampradana
TypeAdjective
Rootइतर
FormMasculine, Dative, Singular
also/and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
देयम्is to be given / should be given
देयम्:
TypeAdjective
Root√दा
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular, Gerundive (तव्य/यत् sense; here 'to be given')
आहुःthey say
आहुः:
TypeVerb
Rootअह्
FormPerfect (Paroksha-bhuta), 3rd, Plural, Parasmaipada
महाराजO great king
महाराज:
TypeNoun
Rootमहाराज
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
उभौboth
उभौ:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootउभ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Dual
एतौthese two
एतौ:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootएतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Dual
तपस्विनौascetics / men of austerity
तपस्विनौ:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootतपस्विन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Dual

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma
M
Mahārāja (the king, i.e., Yudhiṣṭhira)
B
Brāhmaṇa
L
liṅgin (marked ascetic)
A
aliṅgin/itarā (unmarked ascetic/householder in dharmic livelihood)

Educational Q&A

Charity should be guided by dharma rather than mere outward appearance: a Brahmin who sustains himself through a rightful, dharmic livelihood for preserving life is a fit recipient of alms whether he displays ascetic insignia (liṅga) or not.

In the Anushasana Parva’s instruction on dāna-dharma, Bhishma advises the king (Yudhiṣṭhira) about who deserves gifts, affirming that both marked ascetics and those without external marks—if grounded in proper duty—are worthy recipients.