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Shloka 2

काल एव सर्वकाले निग्रहानुग्रहौ ददत्‌ । बुद्धिमाविश्य भूतानां धर्माधर्मो प्रवर्तते,काल ही सदा निग्रह और अनुग्रह करता हुआ प्राणियोंकी बुद्धिमें प्रविष्ट हो धर्म और अधर्मका फल देता रहता है

kāla eva sarvakāle nigrahānugrahau dadat | buddhim āviśya bhūtānāṁ dharmādharmo pravartate || kāla hi sadā nigrahaṁ ca anugrahaṁ ca kurvan prāṇināṁ buddhiṁ praviśya dharmādharmayoḥ phalaṁ dadāti ||

Bhīṣma nói: “Chỉ có Thời gian, trong mọi khoảnh khắc, ban cả sự kiềm chế lẫn ân huệ. Thấm vào trí hiểu của muôn loài, nó khiến điều chính và điều tà vận hành, và không ngừng phân phát quả báo của chúng. Bởi vậy, Thời gian—luôn hoạt động—vận hành qua tâm trí chúng sinh để làm hiển lộ quả của dharma và adharma.”

कालःTime
कालः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootकाल
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
एवindeed/only
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
सर्वकालेat all times
सर्वकाले:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootसर्वकाल
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
निग्रहानुग्रहौrestraint and favor
निग्रहानुग्रहौ:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootनिग्रह + अनुग्रह
FormMasculine, Accusative, Dual
ददत्giving/bestowing
ददत्:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootदा (ददाति)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular, शतृ (present active participle)
बुद्धिम्intellect
बुद्धिम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootबुद्धि
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
आविश्यhaving entered
आविश्य:
TypeVerb
Rootआ-विश्
Formक्त्वा (absolutive/gerund)
भूतानाम्of beings/creatures
भूतानाम्:
TypeNoun
Rootभूत
FormNeuter, Genitive, Plural
धर्माधर्मःdharma and adharma
धर्माधर्मः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootधर्म + अधर्म
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
प्रवर्ततेoperates/comes into effect
प्रवर्तते:
TypeVerb
Rootप्र-√वृत् (प्रवर्तते)
FormPresent, Indicative, Atmanepada, Third, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma
K
Kāla (Time)

Educational Q&A

Time (kāla) is presented as the universal force that, by entering the intellect of beings, activates tendencies toward dharma and adharma and ensures their corresponding results. Moral outcomes are not random; they unfold through a cosmic-temporal order working through human discernment and choice.

In Bhishma’s instruction in the Anushasana Parva, he explains a principle behind ethical causality: Time continually administers both restraint (nigraha) and favor (anugraha), and through the minds of creatures brings about the operation and consequences of righteousness and unrighteousness.