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Shloka 40

Adhyāya 152 — Bhīṣma’s Authorization for Yudhiṣṭhira’s Return to the Capital (नगरप्रवेशानुज्ञा)

देववत्‌ सततं साध्वी भर्तारमनुपश्यति । दम्पत्योरेष वै धर्म: सहधर्मकृत: शुभ:

devavat satataṁ sādhvī bhartāram anupaśyati | dampatyor eṣa vai dharmaḥ sahadharmakṛtaḥ śubhaḥ ||

Maheśvara nói: “Người vợ hiền đức luôn nhìn và chăm lo cho chồng như đối với một vị thần. Đó chính là dharma của vợ chồng—con đường phúc lành của sự đồng hành trong chính đạo, cùng nhau thực hiện bổn phận.”

देववत्like a god
देववत्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootदेव + वत्
Formअव्यय (तुलनार्थे)
सततम्always, continually
सततम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसतत
Formअव्यय (काल/नित्यत्वे)
साध्वीthe virtuous woman
साध्वी:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसाध्वी (साधु-)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन
भर्तारम्husband
भर्तारम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootभर्तृ
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन
अनुपश्यतिlooks upon, regards
अनुपश्यति:
TypeVerb
Rootअनु + √पश् (दृश्)
Formलट् (वर्तमान), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन
दम्पत्योःof the couple (husband and wife)
दम्पत्योः:
TypeNoun
Rootदम्पती
Formपुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी, द्विवचन
एषःthis
एषः:
TypePronoun
Rootएतद्
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन
वैindeed
वै:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवै
Formनिपात (अवधारणार्थे)
धर्मःduty, dharma
धर्मः:
TypeNoun
Rootधर्म
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन
सहधर्मकृतःperformed together as dharma / done jointly in righteousness
सहधर्मकृतः:
TypeAdjective
Rootसहधर्मकृत्
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन (कृत्-प्रत्ययान्त: कृत् = √कृ + क्त)
शुभःauspicious, good
शुभः:
TypeAdjective
Rootशुभ
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

श्रीमहेश्वर उवाच

Ś
Śrī Mahēśvara (Śiva)
S
sādhvī (virtuous wife)
B
bhartṛ (husband)
D
dampatī (married couple)

Educational Q&A

The verse teaches that the dharma of marriage is a shared, auspicious partnership in righteous conduct (sahadharma). It presents the ideal of the virtuous wife maintaining continual reverent regard for her husband, framing household life as a cooperative moral discipline.

Śrī Mahēśvara (Śiva) is speaking within the Anuśāsana Parva’s instruction-focused discourse, articulating norms of household and marital duty. The statement functions as a prescriptive teaching on how spouses—especially the wife in this verse—should embody dharma within marriage.