Shloka 40

धर्मनिन्दा–धर्मोपासनाफलम् तथा साध्वाचारलक्षणम्

Fruits of Disparaging vs. Observing Dharma; Marks of Good Conduct

Devanagari script

सदोपवासी नियत: स्वाध्यायनिरत: शुचि: । बहिष्कान्तरिते नित्यं शयानो5ग्निगृहे सदा

Transliteration

sadopavāsī niyataḥ svādhyāya-nirataḥ śuciḥ | bahiṣkāntarite nityaṁ śayāno ’gni-gṛhe sadā ||

Translation

Maheshvara nói: “Hãy để người ấy thường xuyên giữ chay giới, có kỷ luật, chuyên cần svādhyāya (tự tụng đọc và học kinh điển), và thanh tịnh. Hãy để người ấy luôn nằm nghỉ nơi kín đáo, và luôn ngủ trong nhà thờ lửa (agni-gṛha).” Bài kệ tán dương đời sống tiết chế, sạch trong và tự tu dưỡng theo Veda, xem nếp sinh hoạt khổ hạnh như nền tảng cho tâm trí vững vàng và hạnh dharma.

Word by Word

• सदा: always
• सदा: Adhikarana
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: सदा

• उपवासी: one who fasts; a faster
• उपवासी: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: उपवासिन्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• नियतः: disciplined; restrained
• नियतः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: नियत
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• स्वाध्याय-निरतः: engaged in self-study (of Veda/śāstra)
• स्वाध्याय-निरतः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: स्वाध्यायनिरत
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• शुचिः: pure; clean
• शुचिः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: शुचि
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• बहिः: outside
• बहिः: Adhikarana
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: बहिः

• क-अन्तरिते: when separated by (only) a little (interval/space)
• क-अन्तरिते: Adhikarana
• Type: Adjective
• Root: क-अन्तरित
• Form: Neuter, Locative, Singular

• नित्यम्: constantly; every day
• नित्यम्: Adhikarana
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: नित्य

• शयानः: lying down; sleeping
• शयानः: Karta
• Type: Verb
• Root: शी (धातु) → शयान (शतृ-प्रत्यय)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• अग्नि-गृहे: in the fire-house; in the sacred fire-room
• अग्नि-गृहे: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: अग्निगृह
• Form: Neuter, Locative, Singular

• सदा: always
• सदा: Adhikarana
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: सदा

Speaker

श्रीमहेश्वर उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Śrī-Maheśvara (Śiva)
• Agni-gṛha (fire-sanctuary/agniśālā)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The core teaching is disciplined living: regular fasting, regulated conduct, devotion to svādhyāya (sacred study), and maintaining purity—supported by a simple, austere routine centered on the sacred fire.

What is happening in the narrative?

Śiva (Maheśvara) is instructing about an ideal regimen of a dharmic practitioner/ascetic, describing daily practices—fasting, study, purity, and sleeping in the fire-sanctuary—as marks of steady religious observance.